HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings
Objectives:Rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests, routinely used for diagnosis in adults and older children in resource-limited settings (RLS), do not detect early HIV infections prior to seroconversion or when antibody levels are still low. Nucleic acid amplification to detect HIV...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
AOSIS
2018-06-01
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| Series: | Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://sajid.co.za/index.php/sajid/article/view/6 |
| _version_ | 1811272449829896192 |
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| author | Wentzel Dowling Kirsten Veldsman Mary G. Katusiime Jean Maritz Peter Bock Sue-Ann Meehan Marije Van Schalkwyk Mark F. Cotton Wolfgang Preiser Gert U. Van Zyl |
| author_facet | Wentzel Dowling Kirsten Veldsman Mary G. Katusiime Jean Maritz Peter Bock Sue-Ann Meehan Marije Van Schalkwyk Mark F. Cotton Wolfgang Preiser Gert U. Van Zyl |
| author_sort | Wentzel Dowling |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives:Rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests, routinely used for diagnosis in adults and older children in resource-limited settings (RLS), do not detect early HIV infections prior to seroconversion or when antibody levels are still low. Nucleic acid amplification to detect HIV-1 RNA is the most sensitive method for acute HIV infection diagnosis, but is costly. We therefore investigated HIV- 1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots (DBS) to diagnose acute HIV infection.
Design:Laboratory-based investigation.
Methods:DBS were collected from HIV-1 Voluntary Counselling and Testing (HVCT) clients who tested negative on the Advanced QualityTM HIV antibody rapid test. DBS samples from five participants were pooled and tested on the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 (CAP/CTM) Test v2. Individual DBS were tested when pools tested positive ( 200 RNA copies/ml). Acute infection was confirmed by HIV viral load testing, two fourth-generation HIV serological assays, and Geenius™ HIV 1/2 Assay for antibody band identification.
Results:Of 482 participants who were tested, one (0.2%) had acute. HIV infection: Fourth generation serology was low-level positive, the plasma HIV viral load was 15 929 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml, gp160 and gp41 antibody bands were positive and the p31 band was negative, indicating a Fiebig Stage 5 infection.
Conclusions: Pooled DBS HIV-1 RNA testing is efficient compared to individual testing for acute HIV infection diagnosis. Early identification of participants with acute HIV infection facilitates immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy to improve immune recovery and prevent transmission to others. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:40:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65395aaf5f9141e8afa9b2c87aa2ddbd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2312-0053 2313-1810 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T22:40:27Z |
| publishDate | 2018-06-01 |
| publisher | AOSIS |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases |
| spelling | doaj.art-65395aaf5f9141e8afa9b2c87aa2ddbd2022-12-22T03:13:45ZengAOSISSouthern African Journal of Infectious Diseases2312-00532313-18102018-06-01332505310.4102/sajid.v33i2.66HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settingsWentzel Dowling0Kirsten Veldsman1Mary G. Katusiime2Jean Maritz3Peter Bock4Sue-Ann Meehan5Marije Van Schalkwyk6Mark F. Cotton7Wolfgang Preiser8Gert U. Van Zyl9Division of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Business Unit, Cape TownDivision of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Business Unit, Cape TownDivision of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape TownDivision of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Business Unit, Cape TownDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape TownDesmond Tutu TB Centre, Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape TownDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Academic Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Family Clinical Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape TownDepartment of Paediatrics and Child Health, Stellenbosch University and Tygerberg Children’s Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; Family Clinical Research Unit, Stellenbosch University, Cape TownDivision of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Business Unit, Cape TownDivision of Medical Virology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; National Health Laboratory Service, Tygerberg Business Unit, Cape TownObjectives:Rapid human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) antibody tests, routinely used for diagnosis in adults and older children in resource-limited settings (RLS), do not detect early HIV infections prior to seroconversion or when antibody levels are still low. Nucleic acid amplification to detect HIV-1 RNA is the most sensitive method for acute HIV infection diagnosis, but is costly. We therefore investigated HIV- 1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots (DBS) to diagnose acute HIV infection. Design:Laboratory-based investigation. Methods:DBS were collected from HIV-1 Voluntary Counselling and Testing (HVCT) clients who tested negative on the Advanced QualityTM HIV antibody rapid test. DBS samples from five participants were pooled and tested on the COBAS AmpliPrep/COBAS TaqMan HIV-1 (CAP/CTM) Test v2. Individual DBS were tested when pools tested positive ( 200 RNA copies/ml). Acute infection was confirmed by HIV viral load testing, two fourth-generation HIV serological assays, and Geenius™ HIV 1/2 Assay for antibody band identification. Results:Of 482 participants who were tested, one (0.2%) had acute. HIV infection: Fourth generation serology was low-level positive, the plasma HIV viral load was 15 929 HIV-1 RNA copies/ml, gp160 and gp41 antibody bands were positive and the p31 band was negative, indicating a Fiebig Stage 5 infection. Conclusions: Pooled DBS HIV-1 RNA testing is efficient compared to individual testing for acute HIV infection diagnosis. Early identification of participants with acute HIV infection facilitates immediate initiation of antiretroviral therapy to improve immune recovery and prevent transmission to others.https://sajid.co.za/index.php/sajid/article/view/6dried blood spot testinghivhiv-1 rnasouth africa |
| spellingShingle | Wentzel Dowling Kirsten Veldsman Mary G. Katusiime Jean Maritz Peter Bock Sue-Ann Meehan Marije Van Schalkwyk Mark F. Cotton Wolfgang Preiser Gert U. Van Zyl HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings Southern African Journal of Infectious Diseases dried blood spot testing hiv hiv-1 rna south africa |
| title | HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings |
| title_full | HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings |
| title_fullStr | HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings |
| title_full_unstemmed | HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings |
| title_short | HIV-1 RNA testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute HIV infection in resource limited settings |
| title_sort | hiv 1 rna testing of pooled dried blood spots is feasible to diagnose acute hiv infection in resource limited settings |
| topic | dried blood spot testing hiv hiv-1 rna south africa |
| url | https://sajid.co.za/index.php/sajid/article/view/6 |
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