Role of M1 macrophages in diabetic foot ulcers and related immune regulatory mechanisms
Objectives: Diabetes foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by immune infiltration of M1 macrophages observed in foot skin, in which immune-associated genes (IRGs) play a prominent role. The precise expression of IRGs as well as any possible regulatory mechanisms that could be present in DFUs is yet u...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1098041/full |
| _version_ | 1828068593695195136 |
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| author | Yao Li Yao Li Xiaoyan Li Xiaoyan Li Shuai Ju Shuai Ju Wenqiang Li Wenqiang Li Siyuan Zhou Siyuan Zhou Siyuan Zhou Guili Wang Guili Wang Guili Wang Yunmin Cai Yunmin Cai Zhihui Dong Zhihui Dong Zhihui Dong |
| author_facet | Yao Li Yao Li Xiaoyan Li Xiaoyan Li Shuai Ju Shuai Ju Wenqiang Li Wenqiang Li Siyuan Zhou Siyuan Zhou Siyuan Zhou Guili Wang Guili Wang Guili Wang Yunmin Cai Yunmin Cai Zhihui Dong Zhihui Dong Zhihui Dong |
| author_sort | Yao Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: Diabetes foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by immune infiltration of M1 macrophages observed in foot skin, in which immune-associated genes (IRGs) play a prominent role. The precise expression of IRGs as well as any possible regulatory mechanisms that could be present in DFUs is yet unknown.Methods: The sequencing data of single-cell RNA (scRNA) in the foot skin of patients with DFUs were analyzed, screening out the cluster marker genes of foot skin obtained from the ImmPort database. IRG activity was assessed with the AUCell software package. The IRGs of DFUs were explored by analyzing the batch sequencing dataset of DFU skin tissue. HumanTFDB was adopted to identify relevant regulatory transcription factors (TFs). The STRING dataset was used to build the main TF protein–protein interaction networks. WB and immunofluorescence methods were used to verify M1 macrophage-related immune regulators.Results: There were 16 clusters found: SMC1, fibro, t-lympho, he fibro, vasendo, baselkera, diffkera, SMC2, M1 macro, M2 macro, sweet/seba, B-Lympho, Melanio, lymphendo, plasma, and Schwann. M1 and M2 macrophages both had considerably higher AUC ratings than patients with DFUs compared to other sub-populations of cells. The proportion of M1 macrophages was the highest in the non-healing group. According to scRNA analysis and batch sequencing data by GO and KEGG, DEGs were enriched in immune response. Some 106 M1 macro-IRGs were finally identified and 25 transcription factors were revealed as associated with IRG expression. The PPI network indicated NFE2L2, REL, ETV6, MAF, and NF1B as central transcription factors.Conclusion: Based on the bio-informatics analysis of scRNA and high-throughput sequencing data, we concluded that M1 macrophages may serve as the influencing factor of DFUs’ non-union. In addition, NFE2L2 could be involved in the regulation of IRG expression within M1 macrophages. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:05:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6549dd4bff164893982755379882d433 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1663-9812 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:05:23Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pharmacology |
| spelling | doaj.art-6549dd4bff164893982755379882d4332023-01-09T11:07:15ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pharmacology1663-98122023-01-011310.3389/fphar.2022.10980411098041Role of M1 macrophages in diabetic foot ulcers and related immune regulatory mechanismsYao Li0Yao Li1Xiaoyan Li2Xiaoyan Li3Shuai Ju4Shuai Ju5Wenqiang Li6Wenqiang Li7Siyuan Zhou8Siyuan Zhou9Siyuan Zhou10Guili Wang11Guili Wang12Guili Wang13Yunmin Cai14Yunmin Cai15Zhihui Dong16Zhihui Dong17Zhihui Dong18Jinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaZhongshan Diabetic foot Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center and Jinshan Operation Center, Shanghai, ChinaJinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaZhongshan Diabetic foot Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center and Jinshan Operation Center, Shanghai, ChinaJinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaZhongshan Diabetic foot Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center and Jinshan Operation Center, Shanghai, ChinaJinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaZhongshan Diabetic foot Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center and Jinshan Operation Center, Shanghai, ChinaJinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaZhongshan Diabetic foot Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center and Jinshan Operation Center, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaJinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaZhongshan Diabetic foot Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center and Jinshan Operation Center, Shanghai, ChinaShanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaJinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaZhongshan Diabetic foot Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center and Jinshan Operation Center, Shanghai, ChinaJinshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaZhongshan Diabetic foot Multidisciplinary Diagnosis and Treatment Center and Jinshan Operation Center, Shanghai, ChinaZhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaObjectives: Diabetes foot ulcers (DFUs) are characterized by immune infiltration of M1 macrophages observed in foot skin, in which immune-associated genes (IRGs) play a prominent role. The precise expression of IRGs as well as any possible regulatory mechanisms that could be present in DFUs is yet unknown.Methods: The sequencing data of single-cell RNA (scRNA) in the foot skin of patients with DFUs were analyzed, screening out the cluster marker genes of foot skin obtained from the ImmPort database. IRG activity was assessed with the AUCell software package. The IRGs of DFUs were explored by analyzing the batch sequencing dataset of DFU skin tissue. HumanTFDB was adopted to identify relevant regulatory transcription factors (TFs). The STRING dataset was used to build the main TF protein–protein interaction networks. WB and immunofluorescence methods were used to verify M1 macrophage-related immune regulators.Results: There were 16 clusters found: SMC1, fibro, t-lympho, he fibro, vasendo, baselkera, diffkera, SMC2, M1 macro, M2 macro, sweet/seba, B-Lympho, Melanio, lymphendo, plasma, and Schwann. M1 and M2 macrophages both had considerably higher AUC ratings than patients with DFUs compared to other sub-populations of cells. The proportion of M1 macrophages was the highest in the non-healing group. According to scRNA analysis and batch sequencing data by GO and KEGG, DEGs were enriched in immune response. Some 106 M1 macro-IRGs were finally identified and 25 transcription factors were revealed as associated with IRG expression. The PPI network indicated NFE2L2, REL, ETV6, MAF, and NF1B as central transcription factors.Conclusion: Based on the bio-informatics analysis of scRNA and high-throughput sequencing data, we concluded that M1 macrophages may serve as the influencing factor of DFUs’ non-union. In addition, NFE2L2 could be involved in the regulation of IRG expression within M1 macrophages.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1098041/fulldiabetes foot ulcerimmune infiltrationM1 macrophagessequencing of single cellgene associated with immunity |
| spellingShingle | Yao Li Yao Li Xiaoyan Li Xiaoyan Li Shuai Ju Shuai Ju Wenqiang Li Wenqiang Li Siyuan Zhou Siyuan Zhou Siyuan Zhou Guili Wang Guili Wang Guili Wang Yunmin Cai Yunmin Cai Zhihui Dong Zhihui Dong Zhihui Dong Role of M1 macrophages in diabetic foot ulcers and related immune regulatory mechanisms Frontiers in Pharmacology diabetes foot ulcer immune infiltration M1 macrophages sequencing of single cell gene associated with immunity |
| title | Role of M1 macrophages in diabetic foot ulcers and related immune regulatory mechanisms |
| title_full | Role of M1 macrophages in diabetic foot ulcers and related immune regulatory mechanisms |
| title_fullStr | Role of M1 macrophages in diabetic foot ulcers and related immune regulatory mechanisms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of M1 macrophages in diabetic foot ulcers and related immune regulatory mechanisms |
| title_short | Role of M1 macrophages in diabetic foot ulcers and related immune regulatory mechanisms |
| title_sort | role of m1 macrophages in diabetic foot ulcers and related immune regulatory mechanisms |
| topic | diabetes foot ulcer immune infiltration M1 macrophages sequencing of single cell gene associated with immunity |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphar.2022.1098041/full |
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