Spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea
Abstract Background The transmission of malaria is intense in the majority of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in those that are located along the Equatorial strip. The present study aimed to describe the current distribution of malaria prevalence among children and its environment-...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2017-04-01
|
| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1794-z |
| _version_ | 1819067259781382144 |
|---|---|
| author | Diana Gómez-Barroso Emely García-Carrasco Zaida Herrador Policarpo Ncogo María Romay-Barja Martín Eka Ondo Mangue Gloria Nseng Matilde Riloha Maria Angeles Santana Basilio Valladares Pilar Aparicio Agustín Benito |
| author_facet | Diana Gómez-Barroso Emely García-Carrasco Zaida Herrador Policarpo Ncogo María Romay-Barja Martín Eka Ondo Mangue Gloria Nseng Matilde Riloha Maria Angeles Santana Basilio Valladares Pilar Aparicio Agustín Benito |
| author_sort | Diana Gómez-Barroso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The transmission of malaria is intense in the majority of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in those that are located along the Equatorial strip. The present study aimed to describe the current distribution of malaria prevalence among children and its environment-related factors as well as to detect malaria spatial clusters in the district of Bata, in Equatorial Guinea. Methods From June to August 2013 a representative cross-sectional survey using a multistage, stratified, cluster-selected sample was carried out of children in urban and rural areas of Bata District. All children were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Results were linked to each household by global position system data. Two cluster analysis methods were used: hot spot analysis using the Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and the SaTScan™ spatial statistic estimates, based on the assumption of a Poisson distribution to detect spatial clusters. In addition, univariate associations and Poisson regression model were used to explore the association between malaria prevalence at household level with different environmental factors. Results A total of 1416 children aged 2 months to 15 years living in 417 households were included in this study. Malaria prevalence by RDTs was 47.53%, being highest in the age group 6–15 years (63.24%, p < 0.001). Those children living in rural areas were there malaria risk is greater (65.81%) (p < 0.001). Malaria prevalence was higher in those houses located <1 km from a river and <3 km to a forest (IRR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.13–1.51 and IRR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.25–1.66, respectively). Poisson regression analysis also showed a decrease in malaria prevalence with altitude (IRR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.62–0.86). A significant cluster inland of the district, in rural areas has been found. Conclusions This study reveals a high prevalence of RDT-based malaria among children in Bata district. Those households situated in inland rural areas, near to a river, a green area and/or at low altitude were a risk factor for malaria. Spatial tools can help policy makers to promote new recommendations for malaria control. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:15:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-654df59179584a079eed3f79d208d601 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T16:15:25Z |
| publishDate | 2017-04-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-654df59179584a079eed3f79d208d6012022-12-21T18:57:42ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752017-04-011611910.1186/s12936-017-1794-zSpatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Bata district, Equatorial GuineaDiana Gómez-Barroso0Emely García-Carrasco1Zaida Herrador2Policarpo Ncogo3María Romay-Barja4Martín Eka Ondo Mangue5Gloria Nseng6Matilde Riloha7Maria Angeles Santana8Basilio Valladares9Pilar Aparicio10Agustín Benito11CIBERESP, National Centre of Epidemiology, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)RICET, National Center of Tropical Medicine, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)RICET, National Center of Tropical Medicine, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)Reference Centre for Endemic Control of Equatorial Guinea (CRCE)RICET, National Center of Tropical Medicine, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)Ministry of Health and Social WelfareMinistry of Health and Social WelfareMinistry of Health and Social WelfareUniversity Institute for Tropical Diseases and Public Health of CanariasUniversity Institute for Tropical Diseases and Public Health of CanariasRICET, National Center of Tropical Medicine, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)RICET, National Center of Tropical Medicine, Carlos III Institute of Health (ISCIII)Abstract Background The transmission of malaria is intense in the majority of the countries of sub-Saharan Africa, particularly in those that are located along the Equatorial strip. The present study aimed to describe the current distribution of malaria prevalence among children and its environment-related factors as well as to detect malaria spatial clusters in the district of Bata, in Equatorial Guinea. Methods From June to August 2013 a representative cross-sectional survey using a multistage, stratified, cluster-selected sample was carried out of children in urban and rural areas of Bata District. All children were tested for malaria using rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs). Results were linked to each household by global position system data. Two cluster analysis methods were used: hot spot analysis using the Getis-Ord Gi statistic, and the SaTScan™ spatial statistic estimates, based on the assumption of a Poisson distribution to detect spatial clusters. In addition, univariate associations and Poisson regression model were used to explore the association between malaria prevalence at household level with different environmental factors. Results A total of 1416 children aged 2 months to 15 years living in 417 households were included in this study. Malaria prevalence by RDTs was 47.53%, being highest in the age group 6–15 years (63.24%, p < 0.001). Those children living in rural areas were there malaria risk is greater (65.81%) (p < 0.001). Malaria prevalence was higher in those houses located <1 km from a river and <3 km to a forest (IRR: 1.31; 95% CI 1.13–1.51 and IRR: 1.44; 95% CI 1.25–1.66, respectively). Poisson regression analysis also showed a decrease in malaria prevalence with altitude (IRR: 0.73; 95% CI 0.62–0.86). A significant cluster inland of the district, in rural areas has been found. Conclusions This study reveals a high prevalence of RDT-based malaria among children in Bata district. Those households situated in inland rural areas, near to a river, a green area and/or at low altitude were a risk factor for malaria. Spatial tools can help policy makers to promote new recommendations for malaria control.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1794-zMalariaSpatialEquatorial GuineaChildrenRapid diagnostic tests |
| spellingShingle | Diana Gómez-Barroso Emely García-Carrasco Zaida Herrador Policarpo Ncogo María Romay-Barja Martín Eka Ondo Mangue Gloria Nseng Matilde Riloha Maria Angeles Santana Basilio Valladares Pilar Aparicio Agustín Benito Spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea Malaria Journal Malaria Spatial Equatorial Guinea Children Rapid diagnostic tests |
| title | Spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea |
| title_full | Spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea |
| title_fullStr | Spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea |
| title_short | Spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in Bata district, Equatorial Guinea |
| title_sort | spatial clustering and risk factors of malaria infections in bata district equatorial guinea |
| topic | Malaria Spatial Equatorial Guinea Children Rapid diagnostic tests |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12936-017-1794-z |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dianagomezbarroso spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT emelygarciacarrasco spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT zaidaherrador spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT policarponcogo spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT mariaromaybarja spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT martinekaondomangue spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT glorianseng spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT matilderiloha spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT mariaangelessantana spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT basiliovalladares spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT pilaraparicio spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea AT agustinbenito spatialclusteringandriskfactorsofmalariainfectionsinbatadistrictequatorialguinea |