The Impact of Pathogens on Sepsis Prevalence and Outcome
Sepsis, a severe global healthcare challenge, is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. The 2016 redefinition by the Third International Consensus Definitions Task Force emphasizes its complexity as a “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infect...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Pathogens |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/1/89 |
| _version_ | 1797342792698036224 |
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| author | Birte Dyck Matthias Unterberg Michael Adamzik Björn Koos |
| author_facet | Birte Dyck Matthias Unterberg Michael Adamzik Björn Koos |
| author_sort | Birte Dyck |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sepsis, a severe global healthcare challenge, is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. The 2016 redefinition by the Third International Consensus Definitions Task Force emphasizes its complexity as a “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection”. Bacterial pathogens, historically dominant, exhibit geographic variations, influencing healthcare strategies. The intricate dynamics of bacterial immunity involve recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns, triggering innate immune responses and inflammatory cascades. Dysregulation leads to immunothrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to the septic state. Viral sepsis, historically less prevalent, saw a paradigm shift during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the need to understand the immunological response. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors and Toll-like receptors play pivotal roles, and the cytokine storm in COVID-19 differs from bacterial sepsis. Latent viruses like human cytomegalovirus impact sepsis by reactivating during the immunosuppressive phases. Challenges in sepsis management include rapid pathogen identification, antibiotic resistance monitoring, and balancing therapy beyond antibiotics. This review highlights the evolving sepsis landscape, emphasizing the need for pathogen-specific therapeutic developments in a dynamic and heterogeneous clinical setting. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:38:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65595510a55f489db903a13a89b2ff75 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:38:24Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-65595510a55f489db903a13a89b2ff752024-01-26T18:03:54ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172024-01-011318910.3390/pathogens13010089The Impact of Pathogens on Sepsis Prevalence and OutcomeBirte Dyck0Matthias Unterberg1Michael Adamzik2Björn Koos3Klinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyKlinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyKlinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanyKlinik für Anästhesiologie, Intensivmedizin und Schmerztherapie, Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, 44801 Bochum, GermanySepsis, a severe global healthcare challenge, is characterized by significant morbidity and mortality. The 2016 redefinition by the Third International Consensus Definitions Task Force emphasizes its complexity as a “life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection”. Bacterial pathogens, historically dominant, exhibit geographic variations, influencing healthcare strategies. The intricate dynamics of bacterial immunity involve recognizing pathogen-associated molecular patterns, triggering innate immune responses and inflammatory cascades. Dysregulation leads to immunothrombosis, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to the septic state. Viral sepsis, historically less prevalent, saw a paradigm shift during the COVID-19 pandemic, underscoring the need to understand the immunological response. Retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptors and Toll-like receptors play pivotal roles, and the cytokine storm in COVID-19 differs from bacterial sepsis. Latent viruses like human cytomegalovirus impact sepsis by reactivating during the immunosuppressive phases. Challenges in sepsis management include rapid pathogen identification, antibiotic resistance monitoring, and balancing therapy beyond antibiotics. This review highlights the evolving sepsis landscape, emphasizing the need for pathogen-specific therapeutic developments in a dynamic and heterogeneous clinical setting.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/1/89sepsisbacteriavirusCOVID-19immunity |
| spellingShingle | Birte Dyck Matthias Unterberg Michael Adamzik Björn Koos The Impact of Pathogens on Sepsis Prevalence and Outcome Pathogens sepsis bacteria virus COVID-19 immunity |
| title | The Impact of Pathogens on Sepsis Prevalence and Outcome |
| title_full | The Impact of Pathogens on Sepsis Prevalence and Outcome |
| title_fullStr | The Impact of Pathogens on Sepsis Prevalence and Outcome |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Impact of Pathogens on Sepsis Prevalence and Outcome |
| title_short | The Impact of Pathogens on Sepsis Prevalence and Outcome |
| title_sort | impact of pathogens on sepsis prevalence and outcome |
| topic | sepsis bacteria virus COVID-19 immunity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/13/1/89 |
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