Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins
Although there has been limited application in the field to date, human milk omics research continues to gain traction. Human milk lipidomics and metabolomics research is particularly important, given the significance of milk lipids and metabolites for infant health. For researchers conducting compo...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/422 |
| _version_ | 1797610137689522176 |
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| author | Lisa F. Stinson Alexandra D. George |
| author_facet | Lisa F. Stinson Alexandra D. George |
| author_sort | Lisa F. Stinson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although there has been limited application in the field to date, human milk omics research continues to gain traction. Human milk lipidomics and metabolomics research is particularly important, given the significance of milk lipids and metabolites for infant health. For researchers conducting compositional milk analyses, it is important to consider the origins of these compounds. The current review aims to provide a summary of the existing evidence on the sources of human milk lipids and small metabolites. Here, we describe five major sources of milk lipids and metabolites: de novo synthesis from mammary cells, production by the milk microbiota, dietary consumption, release from non-mammary tissue, and production by the gut microbiota. We synthesize the literature to provide evidence and understanding of these pathways in the context of mammary gland biology. We recommend future research focus areas to elucidate milk lipid and small metabolite synthesis and transport pathways. Better understanding of the origins of human milk lipids and metabolites is important to improve translation of milk omics research, particularly regarding the modulation of these important milk components to improve infant health outcomes. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:11:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6564e1ee61b74c4abc35281f838df243 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:11:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-6564e1ee61b74c4abc35281f838df2432023-11-17T12:37:15ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-03-0113342210.3390/metabo13030422Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial OriginsLisa F. Stinson0Alexandra D. George1School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, AustraliaMetabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne 3004, AustraliaAlthough there has been limited application in the field to date, human milk omics research continues to gain traction. Human milk lipidomics and metabolomics research is particularly important, given the significance of milk lipids and metabolites for infant health. For researchers conducting compositional milk analyses, it is important to consider the origins of these compounds. The current review aims to provide a summary of the existing evidence on the sources of human milk lipids and small metabolites. Here, we describe five major sources of milk lipids and metabolites: de novo synthesis from mammary cells, production by the milk microbiota, dietary consumption, release from non-mammary tissue, and production by the gut microbiota. We synthesize the literature to provide evidence and understanding of these pathways in the context of mammary gland biology. We recommend future research focus areas to elucidate milk lipid and small metabolite synthesis and transport pathways. Better understanding of the origins of human milk lipids and metabolites is important to improve translation of milk omics research, particularly regarding the modulation of these important milk components to improve infant health outcomes.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/422human milkmetabolomelipidomemicrobiomebacteriasynthesis |
| spellingShingle | Lisa F. Stinson Alexandra D. George Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins Metabolites human milk metabolome lipidome microbiome bacteria synthesis |
| title | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
| title_full | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
| title_fullStr | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
| title_full_unstemmed | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
| title_short | Human Milk Lipids and Small Metabolites: Maternal and Microbial Origins |
| title_sort | human milk lipids and small metabolites maternal and microbial origins |
| topic | human milk metabolome lipidome microbiome bacteria synthesis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/3/422 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT lisafstinson humanmilklipidsandsmallmetabolitesmaternalandmicrobialorigins AT alexandradgeorge humanmilklipidsandsmallmetabolitesmaternalandmicrobialorigins |