Melamine in Iranian foodstuffs: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment of infant formula
The presence of melamine in food is one of the most significant threats to consumer health and food safety now confronting the communities. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the melamine content of different food products available on the Iranian market. The poole...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323003585 |
| _version_ | 1827960888472109056 |
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| author | Adel Mirza Alizadeh Hedayat Hosseini Mir-Jamal Hosseini Hassan Hassanzadazar Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork Abbasali Zamani Mehran Mohseni |
| author_facet | Adel Mirza Alizadeh Hedayat Hosseini Mir-Jamal Hosseini Hassan Hassanzadazar Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork Abbasali Zamani Mehran Mohseni |
| author_sort | Adel Mirza Alizadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The presence of melamine in food is one of the most significant threats to consumer health and food safety now confronting the communities. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the melamine content of different food products available on the Iranian market. The pooled melamine concentration (95% confidence interval) on 484 samples of animal-based foodstuffs was as follows: 0.22 (0.08, 0.36 mg kg−1) for milk, 0.39 (0.25, 0.53 mg kg−1) for coffee mate, 1.45 (1.36, 1.54 mg kg−1) for dairy cream, 0.90 (0.50, 1.29 mg kg−1) for yoghurt, 1.25 (1.20, 1.29 mg kg−1) for cheese, 0.81 (−0.16, 1.78 mg kg−1) for hen eggs, 1.28 (1.25, 1.31 mg kg−1) for poultry meat, 0.58 (0.35, 0.80 mg kg−1) for chocolates, and 0.98 (0.18, 1.78 mg kg−1) for infant formula. Based on the results of health risk assessment study on toddlers under 2 years old who ingested infant formula (as a melamine-sensitive group), all groups of toddlers are at an acceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (THQ ≤ 1). Toddlers were classified according to their ILCR (carcinogenic risk) levels due to infant formula consumption as follows: under 6 months (0.0000056), 6–12 months (0.0000077), 12–18 months (0.0000102), and 18–24 months (0.0000117). The melamine carcinogenicity in infant formula for children had an ILCR value of 0.000001–0.0001 in the investigation, which was considerable risk. According to the findings, Iranian food products (notably infant formula) should be analyzed for melamine contamination on a regular basis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:16:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65719fadedaf4727a32038486b533abb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:16:59Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-65719fadedaf4727a32038486b533abb2023-04-24T04:36:55ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132023-05-01256114854Melamine in Iranian foodstuffs: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment of infant formulaAdel Mirza Alizadeh0Hedayat Hosseini1Mir-Jamal Hosseini2Hassan Hassanzadazar3Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork4Abbasali Zamani5Mehran Mohseni6Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Food Science and Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Faculty of Nutrition Science and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Food Safety Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranZanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranDepartment of Food Safety and Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, IranHalal Research Center of IRI, Iran Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, IranEnvironmental Science Research Laboratory, Department of Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, IranZanjan Applied Pharmacology Research Center, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Food and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Corresponding author at: Department of Food and Drug Control, School of Pharmacy, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.The presence of melamine in food is one of the most significant threats to consumer health and food safety now confronting the communities. The goal of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the melamine content of different food products available on the Iranian market. The pooled melamine concentration (95% confidence interval) on 484 samples of animal-based foodstuffs was as follows: 0.22 (0.08, 0.36 mg kg−1) for milk, 0.39 (0.25, 0.53 mg kg−1) for coffee mate, 1.45 (1.36, 1.54 mg kg−1) for dairy cream, 0.90 (0.50, 1.29 mg kg−1) for yoghurt, 1.25 (1.20, 1.29 mg kg−1) for cheese, 0.81 (−0.16, 1.78 mg kg−1) for hen eggs, 1.28 (1.25, 1.31 mg kg−1) for poultry meat, 0.58 (0.35, 0.80 mg kg−1) for chocolates, and 0.98 (0.18, 1.78 mg kg−1) for infant formula. Based on the results of health risk assessment study on toddlers under 2 years old who ingested infant formula (as a melamine-sensitive group), all groups of toddlers are at an acceptable level of non-carcinogenic risk (THQ ≤ 1). Toddlers were classified according to their ILCR (carcinogenic risk) levels due to infant formula consumption as follows: under 6 months (0.0000056), 6–12 months (0.0000077), 12–18 months (0.0000102), and 18–24 months (0.0000117). The melamine carcinogenicity in infant formula for children had an ILCR value of 0.000001–0.0001 in the investigation, which was considerable risk. According to the findings, Iranian food products (notably infant formula) should be analyzed for melamine contamination on a regular basis.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323003585MelamineInfant formulaMeta-analysisRisk assessmentFood safety |
| spellingShingle | Adel Mirza Alizadeh Hedayat Hosseini Mir-Jamal Hosseini Hassan Hassanzadazar Fataneh Hashempour-Baltork Abbasali Zamani Mehran Mohseni Melamine in Iranian foodstuffs: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment of infant formula Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Melamine Infant formula Meta-analysis Risk assessment Food safety |
| title | Melamine in Iranian foodstuffs: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment of infant formula |
| title_full | Melamine in Iranian foodstuffs: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment of infant formula |
| title_fullStr | Melamine in Iranian foodstuffs: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment of infant formula |
| title_full_unstemmed | Melamine in Iranian foodstuffs: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment of infant formula |
| title_short | Melamine in Iranian foodstuffs: A systematic review, meta-analysis, and health risk assessment of infant formula |
| title_sort | melamine in iranian foodstuffs a systematic review meta analysis and health risk assessment of infant formula |
| topic | Melamine Infant formula Meta-analysis Risk assessment Food safety |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323003585 |
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