Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by Photodegradation
We present a study on the green synthesis of undoped and Er-doped ZnO compounds using <i>Mangifera indica</i> gum (MI). A set of tests were conducted to assess the structure of the material. The tests included X-ray diffraction, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Optical...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/2/391 |
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| author | Marília C. R. Silva Samuel Castro-Lopes Aimée G. Jerônimo Ricardo Barbosa Alexsandro Lins Pollyana Trigueiro Bartolomeu C. Viana Francisca P. Araujo Josy A. Osajima Ramón R. Peña-Garcia |
| author_facet | Marília C. R. Silva Samuel Castro-Lopes Aimée G. Jerônimo Ricardo Barbosa Alexsandro Lins Pollyana Trigueiro Bartolomeu C. Viana Francisca P. Araujo Josy A. Osajima Ramón R. Peña-Garcia |
| author_sort | Marília C. R. Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We present a study on the green synthesis of undoped and Er-doped ZnO compounds using <i>Mangifera indica</i> gum (MI). A set of tests were conducted to assess the structure of the material. The tests included X-ray diffraction, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Optical properties were studied using diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence. Morphological and textural investigations were done using SEM images and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption. Furthermore, photocatalytic tests were performed with methylene blue (MB), yellow eosin (EY), and the pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IBU) under UV irradiation. The study demonstrated that replacing the stabilizing agent with <i>Mangifera indica</i> gum is an effective method for obtaining ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, the energy gap of the nanoparticles exhibits a slight reduction in value. Photoluminescence studies showed the presence of zinc vacancies and other defects in both samples. In the photocatalytic test, the sample containing Er<sup>3+</sup> exhibited a degradation of 99.7% for methylene blue, 81.2% for yellow eosin, and 52.3% for ibuprofen over 120 min. In the presence of methyl alcohol, the degradation of MB and EY dyes is 16.7% and 55.7%, respectively. This suggests that hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the direct degradation of both dyes. In addition, after the second reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 94.08%, and for EY, it was 82.35%. For the third reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 97.15%, and for EY, it was 17%. These results indicate the significant potential of the new semiconductor in environmental remediation applications from an ecological synthesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:49:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-657b0286248d468cb7197864e39bf883 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:49:41Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-657b0286248d468cb7197864e39bf8832024-01-29T14:08:11ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-01-0129239110.3390/molecules29020391Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by PhotodegradationMarília C. R. Silva0Samuel Castro-Lopes1Aimée G. Jerônimo2Ricardo Barbosa3Alexsandro Lins4Pollyana Trigueiro5Bartolomeu C. Viana6Francisca P. Araujo7Josy A. Osajima8Ramón R. Peña-Garcia9Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, BrazilUnidade Acadêmica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Física, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, BrazilUnidade Acadêmica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Física, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, BrazilUnidade Acadêmica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Física, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, BrazilUnidade Acadêmica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Física, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, BrazilUnidade Acadêmica do Cabo de Santo Agostinho, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Física, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Cabo de Santo Agostinho 52171-900, PE, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, BrazilPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Ciência e Engenharia dos Materiais, Universidade Federal do Piauí, Teresina 64049-550, PI, BrazilWe present a study on the green synthesis of undoped and Er-doped ZnO compounds using <i>Mangifera indica</i> gum (MI). A set of tests were conducted to assess the structure of the material. The tests included X-ray diffraction, Raman, and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Optical properties were studied using diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence. Morphological and textural investigations were done using SEM images and N<sub>2</sub> adsorption/desorption. Furthermore, photocatalytic tests were performed with methylene blue (MB), yellow eosin (EY), and the pharmaceutical drug ibuprofen (IBU) under UV irradiation. The study demonstrated that replacing the stabilizing agent with <i>Mangifera indica</i> gum is an effective method for obtaining ZnO nanoparticles. Additionally, the energy gap of the nanoparticles exhibits a slight reduction in value. Photoluminescence studies showed the presence of zinc vacancies and other defects in both samples. In the photocatalytic test, the sample containing Er<sup>3+</sup> exhibited a degradation of 99.7% for methylene blue, 81.2% for yellow eosin, and 52.3% for ibuprofen over 120 min. In the presence of methyl alcohol, the degradation of MB and EY dyes is 16.7% and 55.7%, respectively. This suggests that hydroxyl radicals are responsible for the direct degradation of both dyes. In addition, after the second reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 94.08%, and for EY, it was 82.35%. For the third reuse, the degradation rate for MB was 97.15%, and for EY, it was 17%. These results indicate the significant potential of the new semiconductor in environmental remediation applications from an ecological synthesis.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/2/391doped-ZnOerbiumrare earth doping<i>Mangifera indica</i> gumsol–gel synthesisphotocatalysis |
| spellingShingle | Marília C. R. Silva Samuel Castro-Lopes Aimée G. Jerônimo Ricardo Barbosa Alexsandro Lins Pollyana Trigueiro Bartolomeu C. Viana Francisca P. Araujo Josy A. Osajima Ramón R. Peña-Garcia Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by Photodegradation Molecules doped-ZnO erbium rare earth doping <i>Mangifera indica</i> gum sol–gel synthesis photocatalysis |
| title | Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by Photodegradation |
| title_full | Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by Photodegradation |
| title_fullStr | Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by Photodegradation |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by Photodegradation |
| title_short | Green Synthesis of Er-Doped ZnO Nanoparticles: An Investigation on the Methylene Blue, Eosin, and Ibuprofen Removal by Photodegradation |
| title_sort | green synthesis of er doped zno nanoparticles an investigation on the methylene blue eosin and ibuprofen removal by photodegradation |
| topic | doped-ZnO erbium rare earth doping <i>Mangifera indica</i> gum sol–gel synthesis photocatalysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/2/391 |
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