| Summary: | <i>Purpose:</i> Prostate cancer (PCa) and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) are common in elderly men. Data on the laser-based surgery known as thulium vapoenucleation of the prostate (ThuVEP) in PCa patients are rare. Our objective was to analyse the feasibility, safety and functional outcome of ThuVEP in patients with lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and PCa. <i>Methods:</i> Multicentre study, including 1256 men who underwent ThuVEP for LUTS. Maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax) and post-void residual volume (PVR) were measured perioperatively. The International Prostate Symptome Score (IPSS) was measured perioperatively and at follow-up (FU). Perioperative complications were captured. Reoperation rate was captured at FU. <i>Results:</i> Of 994 men with complete data, 286 (28.8%) patients had PCa. The most common Gleason score was 3 + 3 in 142 patients (49.7%). Most common was low-risk PCa (141 pts; 49.3%). PCa patients were older, had smaller prostates and had higher prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values (all <i>p</i> < 0.001). Comparing non-PCa and PCa patients, no differences occurred perioperatively. IPSS, quality of life and PVR decreased (all <i>p</i> < 0.001) and Qmax improved (<i>p</i> < 0.001) in both groups. Reoperation rates did not differ. The results of low- vs. intermediate-/high-risk PCa patients were comparable. <i>Conclusion:</i> ThuVEP is a safe and long-lasting treatment option for patients with LUTS with or without PCa. No differences occurred when comparing low- to intermediate-/high-risk PCa patients.
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