Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.
<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. is a well-known plant widely used in traditional medicine due to the presence of various biologically active compounds. The main raw material for the production of medicinal preparations is the inflorescence, which consists of ligulate and tubular flowers....
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/3/140 |
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| author | Vladimir Ossipov Firdaus Khazieva Dmitry Baleev Juha-Pekka Salminen Nikolay Sidelnikov |
| author_facet | Vladimir Ossipov Firdaus Khazieva Dmitry Baleev Juha-Pekka Salminen Nikolay Sidelnikov |
| author_sort | Vladimir Ossipov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. is a well-known plant widely used in traditional medicine due to the presence of various biologically active compounds. The main raw material for the production of medicinal preparations is the inflorescence, which consists of ligulate and tubular flowers. However, the characteristics of the metabolome of these flowers are not fully understood. This study identified and compared the levels of major metabolites in the ligulate and tubular flowers of two <i>C. officinalis</i> cultivars, ‘Golden Sea’ (GS) and ‘Paradise Garden’ (PG). The metabolome was analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and a Q Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer. It was found that the tubular flowers of both PG and GS cultivars had higher levels of lipids, phenolamides and caffeoylquinic acids and lower levels of triterpenoid glycosides than the ligulate flowers. It was also shown that the inflorescences of the GS, which had a 35% higher proportion of tubular flowers, contained 30% more phenolic compounds and 50% more lipids than the PG. Thus, the results obtained extend our understanding of the features in the metabolomes of ligulate and tubular flowers and suggest that the quality of inflorescences of <i>C. officinalis</i> cultivars, as a source of medicinal preparations, is strongly influenced by the proportion of ligulate and tubular flowers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:01:32Z |
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| id | doaj.art-6588f76916ab41b0aa0d9f4f94b62655 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T18:01:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-6588f76916ab41b0aa0d9f4f94b626552024-03-27T13:54:06ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892024-02-0114314010.3390/metabo14030140Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L.Vladimir Ossipov0Firdaus Khazieva1Dmitry Baleev2Juha-Pekka Salminen3Nikolay Sidelnikov4All-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Grina 7, Moscow 117216, RussiaAll-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Grina 7, Moscow 117216, RussiaAll-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Grina 7, Moscow 117216, RussiaNatural Chemistry Research Group, Department of Chemistry, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turku, FinlandAll-Russian Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Grina 7, Moscow 117216, Russia<i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. is a well-known plant widely used in traditional medicine due to the presence of various biologically active compounds. The main raw material for the production of medicinal preparations is the inflorescence, which consists of ligulate and tubular flowers. However, the characteristics of the metabolome of these flowers are not fully understood. This study identified and compared the levels of major metabolites in the ligulate and tubular flowers of two <i>C. officinalis</i> cultivars, ‘Golden Sea’ (GS) and ‘Paradise Garden’ (PG). The metabolome was analysed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection and a Q Exactive Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometer. It was found that the tubular flowers of both PG and GS cultivars had higher levels of lipids, phenolamides and caffeoylquinic acids and lower levels of triterpenoid glycosides than the ligulate flowers. It was also shown that the inflorescences of the GS, which had a 35% higher proportion of tubular flowers, contained 30% more phenolic compounds and 50% more lipids than the PG. Thus, the results obtained extend our understanding of the features in the metabolomes of ligulate and tubular flowers and suggest that the quality of inflorescences of <i>C. officinalis</i> cultivars, as a source of medicinal preparations, is strongly influenced by the proportion of ligulate and tubular flowers.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/3/140‘Golden Sea’‘Paradise Garden’biologically active metabolitesUPLC-PDA-HRMSligulate and tubular flowersphenolic compounds |
| spellingShingle | Vladimir Ossipov Firdaus Khazieva Dmitry Baleev Juha-Pekka Salminen Nikolay Sidelnikov Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. Metabolites ‘Golden Sea’ ‘Paradise Garden’ biologically active metabolites UPLC-PDA-HRMS ligulate and tubular flowers phenolic compounds |
| title | Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. |
| title_full | Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. |
| title_fullStr | Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. |
| title_short | Comparative Metabolomics of Ligulate and Tubular Flowers of Two Cultivars of <i>Calendula officinalis</i> L. |
| title_sort | comparative metabolomics of ligulate and tubular flowers of two cultivars of i calendula officinalis i l |
| topic | ‘Golden Sea’ ‘Paradise Garden’ biologically active metabolites UPLC-PDA-HRMS ligulate and tubular flowers phenolic compounds |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/14/3/140 |
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