The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia
For almost 30 years, the term “holobiont” has referred to an ecological unit where a host (e.g., human) and all species living in or around it are considered together. The concept highlights the complex interactions between the host and the other species, which, if disturbed may lead to disease and...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/19/4947 |
| _version_ | 1797516720745742336 |
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| author | Marina Oldenburg Nadine Rüchel Stefan Janssen Arndt Borkhardt Katharina L. Gössling |
| author_facet | Marina Oldenburg Nadine Rüchel Stefan Janssen Arndt Borkhardt Katharina L. Gössling |
| author_sort | Marina Oldenburg |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For almost 30 years, the term “holobiont” has referred to an ecological unit where a host (e.g., human) and all species living in or around it are considered together. The concept highlights the complex interactions between the host and the other species, which, if disturbed may lead to disease and premature aging. Specifically, the impact of microbiome alterations on the etiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is not fully understood, but has been the focus of much research in recent years. In ALL patients, significant reductions in microbiome diversity are already observable at disease onset. It remains unclear whether such alterations at diagnosis are etiologically linked with leukemogenesis or simply due to immunological alteration preceding ALL onset. Regardless, all chemotherapeutic treatment regimens severely affect the microbiome, accompanied by severe side effects, including mucositis, systemic inflammation, and infection. In particular, dominance of <i>Enterococcaceae</i> is predictive of infections during chemotherapy. Long-term dysbiosis, like depletion of <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, has been observed in ALL survivors. Modulation of the microbiome (e.g., by fecal microbiota transplant, probiotics, or prebiotics) is currently being researched for potential protective effects. Herein, we review the latest microbiome studies in pediatric ALL patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:04:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-658bd1b91b3844479434509ab9ca425a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:04:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-658bd1b91b3844479434509ab9ca425a2023-11-22T15:54:43ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942021-09-011319494710.3390/cancers13194947The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic LeukemiaMarina Oldenburg0Nadine Rüchel1Stefan Janssen2Arndt Borkhardt3Katharina L. Gössling4Department of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyAlgorithmic Bioinformatics, Department of Biology and Chemistry, Justus Liebig University Gießen, 35390 Gießen, GermanyDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyDepartment of Pediatric Oncology, Hematology and Clinical Immunology, Medical Faculty, Center of Child and Adolescent Health, Heinrich-Heine-University, 40225 Düsseldorf, GermanyFor almost 30 years, the term “holobiont” has referred to an ecological unit where a host (e.g., human) and all species living in or around it are considered together. The concept highlights the complex interactions between the host and the other species, which, if disturbed may lead to disease and premature aging. Specifically, the impact of microbiome alterations on the etiology of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in children is not fully understood, but has been the focus of much research in recent years. In ALL patients, significant reductions in microbiome diversity are already observable at disease onset. It remains unclear whether such alterations at diagnosis are etiologically linked with leukemogenesis or simply due to immunological alteration preceding ALL onset. Regardless, all chemotherapeutic treatment regimens severely affect the microbiome, accompanied by severe side effects, including mucositis, systemic inflammation, and infection. In particular, dominance of <i>Enterococcaceae</i> is predictive of infections during chemotherapy. Long-term dysbiosis, like depletion of <i>Faecalibacterium</i>, has been observed in ALL survivors. Modulation of the microbiome (e.g., by fecal microbiota transplant, probiotics, or prebiotics) is currently being researched for potential protective effects. Herein, we review the latest microbiome studies in pediatric ALL patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/19/4947ALLoral microbiomefecal microbiomemicrobiotaleukemogenesisinfection-triggered leukemia |
| spellingShingle | Marina Oldenburg Nadine Rüchel Stefan Janssen Arndt Borkhardt Katharina L. Gössling The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cancers ALL oral microbiome fecal microbiome microbiota leukemogenesis infection-triggered leukemia |
| title | The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| title_full | The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| title_fullStr | The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| title_short | The Microbiome in Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia |
| title_sort | microbiome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia |
| topic | ALL oral microbiome fecal microbiome microbiota leukemogenesis infection-triggered leukemia |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/13/19/4947 |
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