Association of <i>GSTTI</i>, <i>M1</i> and Polymorphism in <i>GSTPI</i> with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population
Objective: Chronic periodontal disease (CP) is a multifactorial infectious and inflammatory disease that occurs due to the challenge between the immune response of the host and specific periodontal bacteria, and that can lead to tooth loss due to damage inflicted to the supporting tissue. The curren...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Genes |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/2/455 |
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| author | Kainat Arshad Uzma Ishfaq Muhammad Asif Atif Akbar Kehkashan Fatima Pitafi Muhammad Rehan Mulghani Uzman Shaheen Suleman Saeed Muhammad Arif Ahsan Bashir Muhammad Farooq Alan Henry Brook Furhan Iqbal |
| author_facet | Kainat Arshad Uzma Ishfaq Muhammad Asif Atif Akbar Kehkashan Fatima Pitafi Muhammad Rehan Mulghani Uzman Shaheen Suleman Saeed Muhammad Arif Ahsan Bashir Muhammad Farooq Alan Henry Brook Furhan Iqbal |
| author_sort | Kainat Arshad |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objective: Chronic periodontal disease (CP) is a multifactorial infectious and inflammatory disease that occurs due to the challenge between the immune response of the host and specific periodontal bacteria, and that can lead to tooth loss due to damage inflicted to the supporting tissue. The current study investigates the genotypes of the <i>GSTM1</i> and <i>GSTT1</i> genes, along with the allelic frequency of the single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP; rs1695] in the GSTP1 gene and correlates them individually or in various combinations with the incidence of CP. Methods: A total of 203 clinically confirmed CP patients and 201 control subjects were enrolled from Multan and Dera Ghazi Khan Districts in Pakistan from April to July 2022. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS–PCR) approaches were applied to determine the genotypes of the studied GSTs. The association of rs1695 in <i>GSTP1</i> with CP was studied both individually and in various combinations with <i>GSTM1</i> and <i>T1</i>. Results: The absence of <i>GSTM1</i>, the presence of <i>GSTT1</i> and the presence of the mutant allele (G) at rs1695 in <i>GSTP1</i> were found to be significantly associated with CP. Patients aged between 10 and 30 years were more affected by CP. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the genotypes of the analyzed GSTs affect the levels of protection from oxidative stress and may therefore influence the disease progression in CP. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:46:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6590af01bbc44c24941661cf42b367eb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4425 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:46:52Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Genes |
| spelling | doaj.art-6590af01bbc44c24941661cf42b367eb2023-11-16T20:43:13ZengMDPI AGGenes2073-44252023-02-0114245510.3390/genes14020455Association of <i>GSTTI</i>, <i>M1</i> and Polymorphism in <i>GSTPI</i> with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani PopulationKainat Arshad0Uzma Ishfaq1Muhammad Asif2Atif Akbar3Kehkashan Fatima Pitafi4Muhammad Rehan Mulghani5Uzman Shaheen6Suleman Saeed7Muhammad Arif8Ahsan Bashir9Muhammad Farooq10Alan Henry Brook11Furhan Iqbal12Department of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanInstitute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanInstitute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanDepartment of Statistics, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanSenior Registrar Medicine, Teaching Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanSenior Registrar Medicine, Teaching Hospital, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanPathology Department, Dera Ghazi Khan Medical College, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Ghazi University, Dera Ghazi Khan 32200, PakistanDental School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaInstitute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, PakistanObjective: Chronic periodontal disease (CP) is a multifactorial infectious and inflammatory disease that occurs due to the challenge between the immune response of the host and specific periodontal bacteria, and that can lead to tooth loss due to damage inflicted to the supporting tissue. The current study investigates the genotypes of the <i>GSTM1</i> and <i>GSTT1</i> genes, along with the allelic frequency of the single nucleotide polymorphism [SNP; rs1695] in the GSTP1 gene and correlates them individually or in various combinations with the incidence of CP. Methods: A total of 203 clinically confirmed CP patients and 201 control subjects were enrolled from Multan and Dera Ghazi Khan Districts in Pakistan from April to July 2022. Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system–polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS–PCR) approaches were applied to determine the genotypes of the studied GSTs. The association of rs1695 in <i>GSTP1</i> with CP was studied both individually and in various combinations with <i>GSTM1</i> and <i>T1</i>. Results: The absence of <i>GSTM1</i>, the presence of <i>GSTT1</i> and the presence of the mutant allele (G) at rs1695 in <i>GSTP1</i> were found to be significantly associated with CP. Patients aged between 10 and 30 years were more affected by CP. Conclusion: Our results indicate that the genotypes of the analyzed GSTs affect the levels of protection from oxidative stress and may therefore influence the disease progression in CP.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/2/455chronic periodontitis<i>GSTT1</i><i>GSTM1</i>rs1695<i>GSTP1</i> |
| spellingShingle | Kainat Arshad Uzma Ishfaq Muhammad Asif Atif Akbar Kehkashan Fatima Pitafi Muhammad Rehan Mulghani Uzman Shaheen Suleman Saeed Muhammad Arif Ahsan Bashir Muhammad Farooq Alan Henry Brook Furhan Iqbal Association of <i>GSTTI</i>, <i>M1</i> and Polymorphism in <i>GSTPI</i> with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population Genes chronic periodontitis <i>GSTT1</i> <i>GSTM1</i> rs1695 <i>GSTP1</i> |
| title | Association of <i>GSTTI</i>, <i>M1</i> and Polymorphism in <i>GSTPI</i> with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population |
| title_full | Association of <i>GSTTI</i>, <i>M1</i> and Polymorphism in <i>GSTPI</i> with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population |
| title_fullStr | Association of <i>GSTTI</i>, <i>M1</i> and Polymorphism in <i>GSTPI</i> with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population |
| title_full_unstemmed | Association of <i>GSTTI</i>, <i>M1</i> and Polymorphism in <i>GSTPI</i> with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population |
| title_short | Association of <i>GSTTI</i>, <i>M1</i> and Polymorphism in <i>GSTPI</i> with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population |
| title_sort | association of i gstti i i m1 i and polymorphism in i gstpi i with chronic periodontal disease in a pakistani population |
| topic | chronic periodontitis <i>GSTT1</i> <i>GSTM1</i> rs1695 <i>GSTP1</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4425/14/2/455 |
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