N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings
SARS-CoV-2 infects type II pneumocytes and disrupts redox homeostasis by overproducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and it restores the loss of redox homeostasis associated to viral infections. The aim of the study is to...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Pharmaceuticals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/591 |
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| author | María Elena Soto Linaloe Manzano-Pech Adrían Palacios-Chavarría Rafael Ricardo Valdez-Vázquez Verónica Guarner-Lans Israel Pérez-Torres |
| author_facet | María Elena Soto Linaloe Manzano-Pech Adrían Palacios-Chavarría Rafael Ricardo Valdez-Vázquez Verónica Guarner-Lans Israel Pérez-Torres |
| author_sort | María Elena Soto |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | SARS-CoV-2 infects type II pneumocytes and disrupts redox homeostasis by overproducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and it restores the loss of redox homeostasis associated to viral infections. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the treatment with NAC on the enzymatic antioxidant system in serum from patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated the enzymatic activities of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), -S-transferase (GST), and reductase (GR) by spectrophotometry and the concentrations of the glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in serum. The activity of the extracellular super oxide dismutase (ecSOD) was determined by native polyacrylamide gels, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) was measured by ELISA. A decrease in the activities of the ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST GR, (<i>p</i> = 0 ≤ 0.1), and the GSH, TAC, thiols, and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup> (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) concentrations and an increase in LPO and 3-NT (<i>p</i> = 0.001) concentrations were found in COVID-19 patients vs. healthy subjects. The treatment with NAC as an adjuvant therapy may contribute to a reduction in the OS associated to the infection by SARS-CoV-2 through the generation of GSH. GSH promotes the metabolic pathways that depend on it, thus contributing to an increase in TAC and to restore redox homeostasis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:38:15Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65945fa03cb24fbba8b4169dfeed0ff2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:38:15Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceuticals |
| spelling | doaj.art-65945fa03cb24fbba8b4169dfeed0ff22023-11-17T20:51:06ZengMDPI AGPharmaceuticals1424-82472023-04-0116459110.3390/ph16040591N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary FindingsMaría Elena Soto0Linaloe Manzano-Pech1Adrían Palacios-Chavarría2Rafael Ricardo Valdez-Vázquez3Verónica Guarner-Lans4Israel Pérez-Torres5Department of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, MexicoDepartment of Cardiovascular Biomedicine, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Mexico City 14080, MexicoCritical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City 11200, MexicoCritical Care Unit of the Temporal COVID-19 Unit, Citibanamex Center, Mexico City 11200, MexicoDepartment of Physiology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, MexicoDepartment of Immunology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, MexicoSARS-CoV-2 infects type II pneumocytes and disrupts redox homeostasis by overproducing reactive oxygen species (ROS). N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) is a precursor of the synthesis of glutathione (GSH) and it restores the loss of redox homeostasis associated to viral infections. The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of the treatment with NAC on the enzymatic antioxidant system in serum from patients infected by SARS-CoV-2. We evaluated the enzymatic activities of thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), -S-transferase (GST), and reductase (GR) by spectrophotometry and the concentrations of the glutathione (GSH), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), thiols, nitrites (NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup>), and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in serum. The activity of the extracellular super oxide dismutase (ecSOD) was determined by native polyacrylamide gels, and 3-nitrotyrosine (3-NT) was measured by ELISA. A decrease in the activities of the ecSOD, TrxR, GPx, GST GR, (<i>p</i> = 0 ≤ 0.1), and the GSH, TAC, thiols, and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>–</sup> (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.001) concentrations and an increase in LPO and 3-NT (<i>p</i> = 0.001) concentrations were found in COVID-19 patients vs. healthy subjects. The treatment with NAC as an adjuvant therapy may contribute to a reduction in the OS associated to the infection by SARS-CoV-2 through the generation of GSH. GSH promotes the metabolic pathways that depend on it, thus contributing to an increase in TAC and to restore redox homeostasis.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/591SARS-CoV-2N-acetyl cysteineantioxidant enzymatic systemCOVID-19total antioxidant capacity |
| spellingShingle | María Elena Soto Linaloe Manzano-Pech Adrían Palacios-Chavarría Rafael Ricardo Valdez-Vázquez Verónica Guarner-Lans Israel Pérez-Torres N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings Pharmaceuticals SARS-CoV-2 N-acetyl cysteine antioxidant enzymatic system COVID-19 total antioxidant capacity |
| title | N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings |
| title_full | N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings |
| title_fullStr | N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings |
| title_full_unstemmed | N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings |
| title_short | N-Acetyl Cysteine Restores the Diminished Activity of the Antioxidant Enzymatic System Caused by SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Preliminary Findings |
| title_sort | n acetyl cysteine restores the diminished activity of the antioxidant enzymatic system caused by sars cov 2 infection preliminary findings |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 N-acetyl cysteine antioxidant enzymatic system COVID-19 total antioxidant capacity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8247/16/4/591 |
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