Effect of Low Nanodiamond Concentrations and Polymerization Techniques on Physical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Denture Base Resin
Background: Denture base resin has some drawbacks. This study investigated the impact of nanodiamonds (ND) and autoclave polymerization on the surface characteristics, translucency, and <i>Candida albicans</i> adherence in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin after thermocyc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4331 |
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| author | Shaimaa M. Fouda Mohammed M. Gad Passent Ellakany Maram A. Al Ghamdi Soban Q. Khan Sultan Akhtar Doaa M. Al Eraky Fahad A. Al-Harbi |
| author_facet | Shaimaa M. Fouda Mohammed M. Gad Passent Ellakany Maram A. Al Ghamdi Soban Q. Khan Sultan Akhtar Doaa M. Al Eraky Fahad A. Al-Harbi |
| author_sort | Shaimaa M. Fouda |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Denture base resin has some drawbacks. This study investigated the impact of nanodiamonds (ND) and autoclave polymerization on the surface characteristics, translucency, and <i>Candida albicans</i> adherence in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin after thermocycling. Methods: Heat-polymerized PMMA discs (15 × 2 mm) with a total sample size <i>n</i> = 160 were studied. Specimens were categorized into two main groups (<i>N</i> = 80): conventional water-bath-polymerized PMMA (CP/PMMA) and autoclave-polymerized PMMA (AP/PMMA). Each group was subdivided according to the ND concentration into four groups (<i>n</i> = 20): unmodified PMMA as a control, and 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% ND–PMMA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to inspect the morphology of the ND and the ND–PMMA mixtures before heat polymerization. The specimens were exposed to thermal cycling (5000 cycles at 5 and 55 °C), then surface roughness was measured with a non-contact optical interferometric profilometer, contact angle with an automated goniometer, and translucency using a spectrophotometer. Colony-forming units (CFU) were used to determine the adherence of <i>Candida albicans</i> cells to the specimens. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests for pairwise comparison were utilized for the statistical analysis (α = 0.05). Results: Surface roughness was significantly reduced with ND addition to CP/PMMA (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.001), while the reduction was not statistically significant in AP/PMMA (<i>p</i> = 0.831). The addition of ND significantly reduced the contact angle, translucency, and <i>Candida albicans</i> count of CP/PMMA and AP/PMMA (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.001). The incorporation of ND in conjunction with autoclave polymerization of PMMA showed significant reduction in all tested properties (surface roughness, contact angle and <i>Candida albicans</i> adherence) except translucency (<i>p</i> = 0.726). Conclusions: ND addition to PMMA and autoclave polymerization improved the surface properties with respect to antifungal activities, while the translucency was adversely affected. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:15:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-659b4620fb9d4002a681a6e6235bb7ad |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:15:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-659b4620fb9d4002a681a6e6235bb7ad2023-11-23T10:14:50ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602021-12-011324433110.3390/polym13244331Effect of Low Nanodiamond Concentrations and Polymerization Techniques on Physical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Denture Base ResinShaimaa M. Fouda0Mohammed M. Gad1Passent Ellakany2Maram A. Al Ghamdi3Soban Q. Khan4Sultan Akhtar5Doaa M. Al Eraky6Fahad A. Al-Harbi7Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31441, Saudi ArabiaBackground: Denture base resin has some drawbacks. This study investigated the impact of nanodiamonds (ND) and autoclave polymerization on the surface characteristics, translucency, and <i>Candida albicans</i> adherence in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base resin after thermocycling. Methods: Heat-polymerized PMMA discs (15 × 2 mm) with a total sample size <i>n</i> = 160 were studied. Specimens were categorized into two main groups (<i>N</i> = 80): conventional water-bath-polymerized PMMA (CP/PMMA) and autoclave-polymerized PMMA (AP/PMMA). Each group was subdivided according to the ND concentration into four groups (<i>n</i> = 20): unmodified PMMA as a control, and 0.1%, 0.25%, and 0.5% ND–PMMA. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to inspect the morphology of the ND and the ND–PMMA mixtures before heat polymerization. The specimens were exposed to thermal cycling (5000 cycles at 5 and 55 °C), then surface roughness was measured with a non-contact optical interferometric profilometer, contact angle with an automated goniometer, and translucency using a spectrophotometer. Colony-forming units (CFU) were used to determine the adherence of <i>Candida albicans</i> cells to the specimens. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests for pairwise comparison were utilized for the statistical analysis (α = 0.05). Results: Surface roughness was significantly reduced with ND addition to CP/PMMA (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.001), while the reduction was not statistically significant in AP/PMMA (<i>p</i> = 0.831). The addition of ND significantly reduced the contact angle, translucency, and <i>Candida albicans</i> count of CP/PMMA and AP/PMMA (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.001). The incorporation of ND in conjunction with autoclave polymerization of PMMA showed significant reduction in all tested properties (surface roughness, contact angle and <i>Candida albicans</i> adherence) except translucency (<i>p</i> = 0.726). Conclusions: ND addition to PMMA and autoclave polymerization improved the surface properties with respect to antifungal activities, while the translucency was adversely affected.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4331acrylic resincandidiasisnanodiamondssurface propertiespolymerization |
| spellingShingle | Shaimaa M. Fouda Mohammed M. Gad Passent Ellakany Maram A. Al Ghamdi Soban Q. Khan Sultan Akhtar Doaa M. Al Eraky Fahad A. Al-Harbi Effect of Low Nanodiamond Concentrations and Polymerization Techniques on Physical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Denture Base Resin Polymers acrylic resin candidiasis nanodiamonds surface properties polymerization |
| title | Effect of Low Nanodiamond Concentrations and Polymerization Techniques on Physical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Denture Base Resin |
| title_full | Effect of Low Nanodiamond Concentrations and Polymerization Techniques on Physical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Denture Base Resin |
| title_fullStr | Effect of Low Nanodiamond Concentrations and Polymerization Techniques on Physical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Denture Base Resin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of Low Nanodiamond Concentrations and Polymerization Techniques on Physical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Denture Base Resin |
| title_short | Effect of Low Nanodiamond Concentrations and Polymerization Techniques on Physical Properties and Antifungal Activities of Denture Base Resin |
| title_sort | effect of low nanodiamond concentrations and polymerization techniques on physical properties and antifungal activities of denture base resin |
| topic | acrylic resin candidiasis nanodiamonds surface properties polymerization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/13/24/4331 |
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