No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)
Abstract Objective: Monitoring time trends in salt consumption is important for evaluating the impact of salt reduction initiatives on public health outcomes. There has so far not been available data to indicate if salt consumption in Norway has changed during the previous decade. We aimed to asse...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Cambridge University Press
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Public Health Nutrition |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S136898002400082X/type/journal_article |
| _version_ | 1827276504657035264 |
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| author | Kristin Holvik Marianne Hope Abel Jostein Holmen Steinar Krokstad Torunn Holm Totland Haakon E Meyer |
| author_facet | Kristin Holvik Marianne Hope Abel Jostein Holmen Steinar Krokstad Torunn Holm Totland Haakon E Meyer |
| author_sort | Kristin Holvik |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Abstract
Objective:
Monitoring time trends in salt consumption is important for evaluating the impact of salt reduction initiatives on public health outcomes. There has so far not been available data to indicate if salt consumption in Norway has changed during the previous decade. We aimed to assess whether average 24-h salt intake estimated from spot urine samples in the adult population of mid-Norway changed from 2006–2008 to 2017–2019 and to describe variations by sex, age and educational level.
Design:
Repeated cross-sectional studies.
Setting:
The population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT).
Participants:
In each of two consecutive waves (HUNT3: 2006–2008 and HUNT4: 2017–2019), spot urine samples were collected from 500 men and women aged 25–64 years, in addition to 250 men and women aged 70–79 years in HUNT4. Based on spot urine concentrations of Na, K and creatinine and age, sex and BMI, we estimated 24-h Na intake using the International Cooperative Study on Salt and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) equation for the Northern European region.
Results:
Mean (95 % CI) estimated 24-h salt intakes in men were 11·1 (95 % CI 10·8, 11·3) g in HUNT3 and 10·9 (95 % CI 10·6, 11·1) g in HUNT4, P = 0·25. Corresponding values in women were 7·7 (95 % CI 7·5, 7·9) g and 7·7 (95 % CI 7·5, 7·9) g, P = 0·88. Mean estimated salt intake in HUNT4 decreased with increasing age in women, but not in men, and it did not differ significantly across educational level in either sex.
Conclusions:
Estimated 24-h salt intake in adult men and women in mid-Norway did not change from 2006–2008 to 2017–2019.
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| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T06:57:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65abe59b4571432da81165ca8c991354 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1368-9800 1475-2727 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T06:57:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | Cambridge University Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Public Health Nutrition |
| spelling | doaj.art-65abe59b4571432da81165ca8c9913542024-04-22T09:33:27ZengCambridge University PressPublic Health Nutrition1368-98001475-27272024-01-012710.1017/S136898002400082XNo change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT)Kristin Holvik0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3132-2822Marianne Hope Abel1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6519-2064Jostein Holmen2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2049-9972Steinar Krokstad3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2932-6675Torunn Holm Totland4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6663-6907Haakon E Meyer5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3262-8260Department of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, NorwayHUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, NorwayHUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, NorwayDepartment of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, NorwayDepartment of Physical Health and Ageing, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0213 Oslo, Norway Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway Abstract Objective: Monitoring time trends in salt consumption is important for evaluating the impact of salt reduction initiatives on public health outcomes. There has so far not been available data to indicate if salt consumption in Norway has changed during the previous decade. We aimed to assess whether average 24-h salt intake estimated from spot urine samples in the adult population of mid-Norway changed from 2006–2008 to 2017–2019 and to describe variations by sex, age and educational level. Design: Repeated cross-sectional studies. Setting: The population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT). Participants: In each of two consecutive waves (HUNT3: 2006–2008 and HUNT4: 2017–2019), spot urine samples were collected from 500 men and women aged 25–64 years, in addition to 250 men and women aged 70–79 years in HUNT4. Based on spot urine concentrations of Na, K and creatinine and age, sex and BMI, we estimated 24-h Na intake using the International Cooperative Study on Salt and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) equation for the Northern European region. Results: Mean (95 % CI) estimated 24-h salt intakes in men were 11·1 (95 % CI 10·8, 11·3) g in HUNT3 and 10·9 (95 % CI 10·6, 11·1) g in HUNT4, P = 0·25. Corresponding values in women were 7·7 (95 % CI 7·5, 7·9) g and 7·7 (95 % CI 7·5, 7·9) g, P = 0·88. Mean estimated salt intake in HUNT4 decreased with increasing age in women, but not in men, and it did not differ significantly across educational level in either sex. Conclusions: Estimated 24-h salt intake in adult men and women in mid-Norway did not change from 2006–2008 to 2017–2019. https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S136898002400082X/type/journal_articleSalt intakeSodiumPotassiumSpot urine samplesPopulation-based studyNorway |
| spellingShingle | Kristin Holvik Marianne Hope Abel Jostein Holmen Steinar Krokstad Torunn Holm Totland Haakon E Meyer No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) Public Health Nutrition Salt intake Sodium Potassium Spot urine samples Population-based study Norway |
| title | No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) |
| title_full | No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) |
| title_fullStr | No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) |
| title_full_unstemmed | No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) |
| title_short | No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) |
| title_sort | no change in 24 h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019 the population based trondelag health study hunt |
| topic | Salt intake Sodium Potassium Spot urine samples Population-based study Norway |
| url | https://www.cambridge.org/core/product/identifier/S136898002400082X/type/journal_article |
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