Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands and Free-Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands for Pilot-Scale Municipal/Swine Wastewater Treatment Using <i>Heliconia latispatha</i>
Partially saturated vertical constructed wetlands (PSV-CWs) and free-flow vertical constructed wetlands (FFV-CWS) are treatment systems for which there is limited information on their operation in tropical climates and even scarcer information on their use for municipal/swine wastewater treatment. I...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/23/3860 |
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| author | José Antonio Fernández Viveros Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz Florentina Zurita José Luis Marín-Muñiz María Cristina López Méndez Sergio Zamora Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo |
| author_facet | José Antonio Fernández Viveros Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz Florentina Zurita José Luis Marín-Muñiz María Cristina López Méndez Sergio Zamora Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo |
| author_sort | José Antonio Fernández Viveros |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Partially saturated vertical constructed wetlands (PSV-CWs) and free-flow vertical constructed wetlands (FFV-CWS) are treatment systems for which there is limited information on their operation in tropical climates and even scarcer information on their use for municipal/swine wastewater treatment. In this work, the removal of pollutants from municipal wastewater mixed with swine effluents was evaluated using PSV-CWs and FFV-CWs, at pilot scale, with the presence and absence of vegetation in a tropical climate. Six vertical flow CWs made up of polyvinyl chloride (1 m high and 0.5 m in diameter) were used; three were operated with free-flow conditions and three with partially saturated conditions. In each type of configuration, two reactors were planted with an individual of <i>Heliconia latispatha,</i> and one remained without vegetation. They were fed with municipal wastewater mixed with 50% of swine wastewater. Their ability to remove COD, TSS, TP, TN, N-NH<sub>4</sub>, and N-NO<sub>3</sub> and plant development were evaluated. <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> registered better results of adaptation and vegetative development in the PSV-CWs in comparison with FFV-CWs measured as total biomass (5697.1 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 5095.7 g/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively). PSV-CWs were slightly better for TSS elimination (4.21%), while FFV-CWs presented a better performance for TN removal (3.76%), N-NH<sub>4</sub> (3.94%) and N-NO<sub>3</sub> (4.76%) in the systems with vegetation; no significant difference (<i>p</i> ˃ 0.05) was found between the two types of CWs for the removal of COD and TP. However, significant differences (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05) were found between the systems with vegetation and those without vegetation in both configurations. These results demonstrate that PSV-CWs represent a better option for the treatment of municipal/swine wastewater since their efficiency was slightly higher than, or similar to that of, FFV-CWs and allowed a better development of <i>H. latispatha</i>. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:27:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65ae07a8a6a347c98e34fea4a7d5e52f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:27:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-65ae07a8a6a347c98e34fea4a7d5e52f2023-11-24T12:32:26ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-11-011423386010.3390/w14233860Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands and Free-Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands for Pilot-Scale Municipal/Swine Wastewater Treatment Using <i>Heliconia latispatha</i>José Antonio Fernández Viveros0Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz1Florentina Zurita2José Luis Marín-Muñiz3María Cristina López Méndez4Sergio Zamora5Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo6Wetlands and Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Km 1.8 Carretera a Loma del Cojolite, Misantla 93821, Veracruz, MexicoWetlands and Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Km 1.8 Carretera a Loma del Cojolite, Misantla 93821, Veracruz, MexicoEnvironmental Quality Research Center, Centro Universitario de la Ciénega, Universidad de Guadalajara, Av. Universidad 1115, Ocotlán 1115, Jalisco, MexicoAcademy of Sustainable Regional Development, El Colegio de Veracruz, Xalapa 91000, Veracruz, MexicoWetlands and Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Km 1.8 Carretera a Loma del Cojolite, Misantla 93821, Veracruz, MexicoFaculty of Engineering, Construction and Habitat, Universidad Veracruzana, Bv. Adolfo Ruiz Cortines 455, Costa Verde, Boca del Rio 94294, Veracruz, MexicoWetlands and Environmental Sustainability Laboratory, Division of Graduate Studies and Research, Tecnológico Nacional de México/Instituto Tecnológico Superior de Misantla, Km 1.8 Carretera a Loma del Cojolite, Misantla 93821, Veracruz, MexicoPartially saturated vertical constructed wetlands (PSV-CWs) and free-flow vertical constructed wetlands (FFV-CWS) are treatment systems for which there is limited information on their operation in tropical climates and even scarcer information on their use for municipal/swine wastewater treatment. In this work, the removal of pollutants from municipal wastewater mixed with swine effluents was evaluated using PSV-CWs and FFV-CWs, at pilot scale, with the presence and absence of vegetation in a tropical climate. Six vertical flow CWs made up of polyvinyl chloride (1 m high and 0.5 m in diameter) were used; three were operated with free-flow conditions and three with partially saturated conditions. In each type of configuration, two reactors were planted with an individual of <i>Heliconia latispatha,</i> and one remained without vegetation. They were fed with municipal wastewater mixed with 50% of swine wastewater. Their ability to remove COD, TSS, TP, TN, N-NH<sub>4</sub>, and N-NO<sub>3</sub> and plant development were evaluated. <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> registered better results of adaptation and vegetative development in the PSV-CWs in comparison with FFV-CWs measured as total biomass (5697.1 g/m<sup>2</sup> and 5095.7 g/m<sup>2</sup>, respectively). PSV-CWs were slightly better for TSS elimination (4.21%), while FFV-CWs presented a better performance for TN removal (3.76%), N-NH<sub>4</sub> (3.94%) and N-NO<sub>3</sub> (4.76%) in the systems with vegetation; no significant difference (<i>p</i> ˃ 0.05) was found between the two types of CWs for the removal of COD and TP. However, significant differences (<i>p</i> ˂ 0.05) were found between the systems with vegetation and those without vegetation in both configurations. These results demonstrate that PSV-CWs represent a better option for the treatment of municipal/swine wastewater since their efficiency was slightly higher than, or similar to that of, FFV-CWs and allowed a better development of <i>H. latispatha</i>.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/23/3860partially saturated constructed wetlandmunicipal wastewaterswine wastewaterpilot-scale wetland<i>Heliconia latispatha</i> |
| spellingShingle | José Antonio Fernández Viveros Georgina Martínez-Reséndiz Florentina Zurita José Luis Marín-Muñiz María Cristina López Méndez Sergio Zamora Luis Carlos Sandoval Herazo Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands and Free-Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands for Pilot-Scale Municipal/Swine Wastewater Treatment Using <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> Water partially saturated constructed wetland municipal wastewater swine wastewater pilot-scale wetland <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> |
| title | Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands and Free-Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands for Pilot-Scale Municipal/Swine Wastewater Treatment Using <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> |
| title_full | Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands and Free-Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands for Pilot-Scale Municipal/Swine Wastewater Treatment Using <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> |
| title_fullStr | Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands and Free-Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands for Pilot-Scale Municipal/Swine Wastewater Treatment Using <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands and Free-Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands for Pilot-Scale Municipal/Swine Wastewater Treatment Using <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> |
| title_short | Partially Saturated Vertical Constructed Wetlands and Free-Flow Vertical Constructed Wetlands for Pilot-Scale Municipal/Swine Wastewater Treatment Using <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> |
| title_sort | partially saturated vertical constructed wetlands and free flow vertical constructed wetlands for pilot scale municipal swine wastewater treatment using i heliconia latispatha i |
| topic | partially saturated constructed wetland municipal wastewater swine wastewater pilot-scale wetland <i>Heliconia latispatha</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/23/3860 |
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