Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone
Introduction: With its sophisticated and multifunctional features, the cell phone has become an integral part of human life. Scientific reports are still inconclusive, regarding the possible ill effects of Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) emitted from cell phones on biological tissues. Aim: To ev...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16862/58391_CE(AnK)_F[SK]_PF1(SC_OM)_PFA(SS)_PN(SS).pdf |
| _version_ | 1797897080238243840 |
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| author | Mary Hydrina Dsilva Rijied Thompson Swer Jayaraman Anbalagan |
| author_facet | Mary Hydrina Dsilva Rijied Thompson Swer Jayaraman Anbalagan |
| author_sort | Mary Hydrina Dsilva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: With its sophisticated and multifunctional
features, the cell phone has become an integral part of human
life. Scientific reports are still inconclusive, regarding the
possible ill effects of Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) emitted
from cell phones on biological tissues.
Aim: To evaluate the possible tissue damage in developing
kidneys of chick embryos, following exposure to 1800 MHz and
2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from 2G and 3G
cell phones.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted
in Department of Anatomy at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College
and Research Institute, Puducherry, India, from August 2011 to
June 2015. Fertilised chick embryos (144±20 eggs) were divided
into three groups with a sample size of 48 eggs per group.
Group A was exposed to 2G radiation (1800 MHz), group B was
exposed to 3G radiation (2100 MHz) and group C was a sham exposed control group. The embryos were sacrificed from the
5th-12th day, and processed for routine histological procedures,
to check structural and morphometric changes in the kidney. The
standard epithelial height and nuclear diameter of both proximal
convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule, karyorrhexis
changes and diameter of urinary space were analysed using an
ocular micrometer and square reticle. The results were statistically
analysed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).
Results: The results showed cytoplasmic changes (vacuolations)
and nuclear changes (nucleomegaly, karyorrhexis) in proximal
convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule, vascular changes
(haemorrhage and infiltrations) in the interstitium and increased
urinary space in the glomerulus of chick embryo kidneys.
Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it was concluded
that RFR exposure from cell phones causes histopathological
changes in the developing kidneys of chick embryos. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:52:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65bb158139ae485893443d472dde0369 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2249-782X 0973-709X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-10T07:52:02Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | JCDR Research and Publications Private Limited |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-65bb158139ae485893443d472dde03692023-02-23T08:47:20ZengJCDR Research and Publications Private LimitedJournal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research2249-782X0973-709X2022-10-011610AC01AC0510.7860/JCDR/2022/58391.16862Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell PhoneMary Hydrina Dsilva0Rijied Thompson Swer1Jayaraman Anbalagan2Associate Professor, Department of Anatomy, Zoram Medical College, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.Professor and Head, Department of Anatomy, Zoram Medical College, Aizawl, Mizoram, India.Ex-professor (Retired), Department of Anatomy, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India.Introduction: With its sophisticated and multifunctional features, the cell phone has become an integral part of human life. Scientific reports are still inconclusive, regarding the possible ill effects of Radiofrequency Radiation (RFR) emitted from cell phones on biological tissues. Aim: To evaluate the possible tissue damage in developing kidneys of chick embryos, following exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz radiofrequency radiation emitted from 2G and 3G cell phones. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted in Department of Anatomy at Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India, from August 2011 to June 2015. Fertilised chick embryos (144±20 eggs) were divided into three groups with a sample size of 48 eggs per group. Group A was exposed to 2G radiation (1800 MHz), group B was exposed to 3G radiation (2100 MHz) and group C was a sham exposed control group. The embryos were sacrificed from the 5th-12th day, and processed for routine histological procedures, to check structural and morphometric changes in the kidney. The standard epithelial height and nuclear diameter of both proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule, karyorrhexis changes and diameter of urinary space were analysed using an ocular micrometer and square reticle. The results were statistically analysed using one-way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Results: The results showed cytoplasmic changes (vacuolations) and nuclear changes (nucleomegaly, karyorrhexis) in proximal convoluted tubule and distal convoluted tubule, vascular changes (haemorrhage and infiltrations) in the interstitium and increased urinary space in the glomerulus of chick embryo kidneys. Conclusion: Based on the study findings, it was concluded that RFR exposure from cell phones causes histopathological changes in the developing kidneys of chick embryos.https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16862/58391_CE(AnK)_F[SK]_PF1(SC_OM)_PFA(SS)_PN(SS).pdfglomerulusinterstitial oedemakaryorrhexisoncosisstandard epithelial heighturinary space |
| spellingShingle | Mary Hydrina Dsilva Rijied Thompson Swer Jayaraman Anbalagan Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research glomerulus interstitial oedema karyorrhexis oncosis standard epithelial height urinary space |
| title | Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone |
| title_full | Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone |
| title_fullStr | Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone |
| title_full_unstemmed | Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone |
| title_short | Histomorphometric Analysis of Chick Embryo Kidneys on Exposure to 1800 MHz and 2100 MHz Radiofrequency Radiation Emitted from Cell Phone |
| title_sort | histomorphometric analysis of chick embryo kidneys on exposure to 1800 mhz and 2100 mhz radiofrequency radiation emitted from cell phone |
| topic | glomerulus interstitial oedema karyorrhexis oncosis standard epithelial height urinary space |
| url | https://jcdr.net/articles/PDF/16862/58391_CE(AnK)_F[SK]_PF1(SC_OM)_PFA(SS)_PN(SS).pdf |
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