Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs
Cell-based immunotherapies have been selected for the front-line cancer treatment approaches. Among them, CAR-T cells have shown extraordinary effects in hematologic diseases including chemotherapy-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and non-Hodgkin lymp...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Translational Oncology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936523321000620 |
| _version_ | 1818727041898381312 |
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| author | Ehsan Moghanloo Hasan Mollanoori Mohsen Talebi Salar Pashangzadeh Fatemeh Faraji Farimah Hadjilooei Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh |
| author_facet | Ehsan Moghanloo Hasan Mollanoori Mohsen Talebi Salar Pashangzadeh Fatemeh Faraji Farimah Hadjilooei Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh |
| author_sort | Ehsan Moghanloo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cell-based immunotherapies have been selected for the front-line cancer treatment approaches. Among them, CAR-T cells have shown extraordinary effects in hematologic diseases including chemotherapy-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this approach, autologous T cells isolated from the patient's body genetically engineered to express a tumor specific synthetic receptor against a tumor antigen, then these cells expanded ex vivo and re-infusion back to the patient body. Recently, significant clinical response and high rates of complete remission of CAR T cell therapy in B-cell malignancies led to the approval of Kymriah and Yescarta (CD19-directed CAR-T cells) were by FDA for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Despite promising therapeutic outcomes, CAR T cells also can elicit the immune-pathologic effects, such as Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), and on-target off-tumor toxicity, that hampered its application. Ineffective control of these highly potent synthetic cells causes discussed potentially life-threatening toxicities, so researchers have developed several mechanisms to remote control CAR T cells. In this paper, we briefly review the introduced toxicities of CAR-T cells, then describe currently existing control approaches and review their procedure, pros, and cons. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:07:48Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65c3669bc92947a88c64bd9b3a9fc41e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1936-5233 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-17T22:07:48Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Translational Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-65c3669bc92947a88c64bd9b3a9fc41e2022-12-21T21:30:48ZengElsevierTranslational Oncology1936-52332021-06-01146101070Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARsEhsan Moghanloo0Hasan Mollanoori1Mohsen Talebi2Salar Pashangzadeh3Fatemeh Faraji4Farimah Hadjilooei5Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh6Cancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranDepartment of Medical Genetics, Iran University of Medical Sciences (IUMS), Tehran, Iran; Medical Genetics Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, IranSchool of Medicine, West Virginia University, USADepartment of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, IranCancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranCancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, IranCancer Research Center, Cancer Institute of Iran, Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Corresponding author at: Breast Disease Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.Cell-based immunotherapies have been selected for the front-line cancer treatment approaches. Among them, CAR-T cells have shown extraordinary effects in hematologic diseases including chemotherapy-resistant acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). In this approach, autologous T cells isolated from the patient's body genetically engineered to express a tumor specific synthetic receptor against a tumor antigen, then these cells expanded ex vivo and re-infusion back to the patient body. Recently, significant clinical response and high rates of complete remission of CAR T cell therapy in B-cell malignancies led to the approval of Kymriah and Yescarta (CD19-directed CAR-T cells) were by FDA for treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia and diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Despite promising therapeutic outcomes, CAR T cells also can elicit the immune-pathologic effects, such as Cytokine Release Syndrome (CRS), Tumor Lysis Syndrome (TLS), and on-target off-tumor toxicity, that hampered its application. Ineffective control of these highly potent synthetic cells causes discussed potentially life-threatening toxicities, so researchers have developed several mechanisms to remote control CAR T cells. In this paper, we briefly review the introduced toxicities of CAR-T cells, then describe currently existing control approaches and review their procedure, pros, and cons.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936523321000620Remote controllingCAR-T cellsToxicity managementMolecular switches |
| spellingShingle | Ehsan Moghanloo Hasan Mollanoori Mohsen Talebi Salar Pashangzadeh Fatemeh Faraji Farimah Hadjilooei Habibollah Mahmoodzadeh Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs Translational Oncology Remote controlling CAR-T cells Toxicity management Molecular switches |
| title | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
| title_full | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
| title_fullStr | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
| title_short | Remote controlling of CAR-T cells and toxicity management: Molecular switches and next generation CARs |
| title_sort | remote controlling of car t cells and toxicity management molecular switches and next generation cars |
| topic | Remote controlling CAR-T cells Toxicity management Molecular switches |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1936523321000620 |
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