Partitioning the impact of environment and spatial structure on alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in European ants
We analyze the relative contribution of environmental and spatial variables to the alpha and beta components of taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD), and functional (FD) diversity in ant communities found along different climate and anthropogenic disturbance gradients across western and central Europe,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2015-09-01
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/1241.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797424592087678976 |
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| author | Xavier Arnan Xim Cerdá Javier Retana |
| author_facet | Xavier Arnan Xim Cerdá Javier Retana |
| author_sort | Xavier Arnan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We analyze the relative contribution of environmental and spatial variables to the alpha and beta components of taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD), and functional (FD) diversity in ant communities found along different climate and anthropogenic disturbance gradients across western and central Europe, in order to assess the mechanisms structuring ant biodiversity. To this aim we calculated alpha and beta TD, PD, and FD for 349 ant communities, which included a total of 155 ant species; we examined 10 functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness. Variation partitioning was used to examine how much variation in ant diversity was explained by environmental and spatial variables. Autocorrelation in diversity measures and each trait’s phylogenetic signal were also analyzed. We found strong autocorrelation in diversity measures. Both environmental and spatial variables significantly contributed to variation in TD, PD, and FD at both alpha and beta scales; spatial structure had the larger influence. The different facets of diversity showed similar patterns along environmental gradients. Environment explained a much larger percentage of variation in FD than in TD or PD. All traits demonstrated strong phylogenetic signals. Our results indicate that environmental filtering and dispersal limitations structure all types of diversity in ant communities. Strong dispersal limitations appear to have led to clustering of TD, PD, and FD in western and central Europe, probably because different historical and evolutionary processes generated different pools of species. Remarkably, these three facets of diversity showed parallel patterns along environmental gradients. Trait-mediated species sorting and niche conservatism appear to structure ant diversity, as evidenced by the fact that more variation was explained for FD and that all traits had strong phylogenetic signals. Since environmental variables explained much more variation in FD than in PD, functional diversity should be a better indicator of community assembly processes than phylogenetic diversity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:04:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65ce6286e85442fe84723e67b2545357 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:04:24Z |
| publishDate | 2015-09-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-65ce6286e85442fe84723e67b25453572023-12-03T00:24:37ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592015-09-013e124110.7717/peerj.1241Partitioning the impact of environment and spatial structure on alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in European antsXavier Arnan0Xim Cerdá1Javier Retana2Departamento de Botânica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife Pernambuco, BrazilEstación Biológica de Doñana, CSIC, Sevilla, SpainCREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès Catalunya, SpainWe analyze the relative contribution of environmental and spatial variables to the alpha and beta components of taxonomic (TD), phylogenetic (PD), and functional (FD) diversity in ant communities found along different climate and anthropogenic disturbance gradients across western and central Europe, in order to assess the mechanisms structuring ant biodiversity. To this aim we calculated alpha and beta TD, PD, and FD for 349 ant communities, which included a total of 155 ant species; we examined 10 functional traits and phylogenetic relatedness. Variation partitioning was used to examine how much variation in ant diversity was explained by environmental and spatial variables. Autocorrelation in diversity measures and each trait’s phylogenetic signal were also analyzed. We found strong autocorrelation in diversity measures. Both environmental and spatial variables significantly contributed to variation in TD, PD, and FD at both alpha and beta scales; spatial structure had the larger influence. The different facets of diversity showed similar patterns along environmental gradients. Environment explained a much larger percentage of variation in FD than in TD or PD. All traits demonstrated strong phylogenetic signals. Our results indicate that environmental filtering and dispersal limitations structure all types of diversity in ant communities. Strong dispersal limitations appear to have led to clustering of TD, PD, and FD in western and central Europe, probably because different historical and evolutionary processes generated different pools of species. Remarkably, these three facets of diversity showed parallel patterns along environmental gradients. Trait-mediated species sorting and niche conservatism appear to structure ant diversity, as evidenced by the fact that more variation was explained for FD and that all traits had strong phylogenetic signals. Since environmental variables explained much more variation in FD than in PD, functional diversity should be a better indicator of community assembly processes than phylogenetic diversity.https://peerj.com/articles/1241.pdfβ diversityEnvironmental gradientsEnvironmental determinismDispersal limitationsEuropeFormicidae |
| spellingShingle | Xavier Arnan Xim Cerdá Javier Retana Partitioning the impact of environment and spatial structure on alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in European ants PeerJ β diversity Environmental gradients Environmental determinism Dispersal limitations Europe Formicidae |
| title | Partitioning the impact of environment and spatial structure on alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in European ants |
| title_full | Partitioning the impact of environment and spatial structure on alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in European ants |
| title_fullStr | Partitioning the impact of environment and spatial structure on alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in European ants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Partitioning the impact of environment and spatial structure on alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in European ants |
| title_short | Partitioning the impact of environment and spatial structure on alpha and beta components of taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversity in European ants |
| title_sort | partitioning the impact of environment and spatial structure on alpha and beta components of taxonomic functional and phylogenetic diversity in european ants |
| topic | β diversity Environmental gradients Environmental determinism Dispersal limitations Europe Formicidae |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/1241.pdf |
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