Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknowns
Liver diseases are considered to predominantly possess an inherited or xenobiotic etiology. However, inheritance drives the ability to appropriately adapt to environmental stressors, and disease is the culmination of a maladaptive response. Thus “pure” genetic and “pure” xenobiotic liver diseases ar...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211383521003476 |
| _version_ | 1819172424584790016 |
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| author | Juliane I. Beier Gavin E. Arteel |
| author_facet | Juliane I. Beier Gavin E. Arteel |
| author_sort | Juliane I. Beier |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Liver diseases are considered to predominantly possess an inherited or xenobiotic etiology. However, inheritance drives the ability to appropriately adapt to environmental stressors, and disease is the culmination of a maladaptive response. Thus “pure” genetic and “pure” xenobiotic liver diseases are modified by each other and other factors, identified or unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight the knowledgebase of environmental exposure as a potential risk modifying agent for the development of liver disease by other causes. This exercise is not to argue that all liver diseases have an environmental component, but to challenge the assumption that the current state of our knowledge is sufficient in all cases to conclusively dismiss this as a possibility. This review also discusses key new tools and approaches that will likely be critical to address this question in the future. Taken together, identifying the key gaps in our understanding is critical for the field to move forward, or at the very least to “know what we don't know.” |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:06:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65d91a6abfcf4931b018756a57400252 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-3835 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T20:06:58Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B |
| spelling | doaj.art-65d91a6abfcf4931b018756a574002522022-12-21T18:14:06ZengElsevierActa Pharmaceutica Sinica B2211-38352021-12-01111237683778Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknownsJuliane I. Beier0Gavin E. Arteel1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Corresponding authors.Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Pittsburgh Liver Research Center and University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA; Corresponding authors.Liver diseases are considered to predominantly possess an inherited or xenobiotic etiology. However, inheritance drives the ability to appropriately adapt to environmental stressors, and disease is the culmination of a maladaptive response. Thus “pure” genetic and “pure” xenobiotic liver diseases are modified by each other and other factors, identified or unknown. The purpose of this review is to highlight the knowledgebase of environmental exposure as a potential risk modifying agent for the development of liver disease by other causes. This exercise is not to argue that all liver diseases have an environmental component, but to challenge the assumption that the current state of our knowledge is sufficient in all cases to conclusively dismiss this as a possibility. This review also discusses key new tools and approaches that will likely be critical to address this question in the future. Taken together, identifying the key gaps in our understanding is critical for the field to move forward, or at the very least to “know what we don't know.”http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211383521003476Hepatic injuryExposomicsLiver diseaseDrug-induced liver injuryAlcoholic liver diseaseNon-alcoholic liver disease |
| spellingShingle | Juliane I. Beier Gavin E. Arteel Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknowns Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B Hepatic injury Exposomics Liver disease Drug-induced liver injury Alcoholic liver disease Non-alcoholic liver disease |
| title | Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknowns |
| title_full | Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknowns |
| title_fullStr | Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknowns |
| title_full_unstemmed | Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknowns |
| title_short | Environmental exposure as a risk-modifying factor in liver diseases: Knowns and unknowns |
| title_sort | environmental exposure as a risk modifying factor in liver diseases knowns and unknowns |
| topic | Hepatic injury Exposomics Liver disease Drug-induced liver injury Alcoholic liver disease Non-alcoholic liver disease |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211383521003476 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT julianeibeier environmentalexposureasariskmodifyingfactorinliverdiseasesknownsandunknowns AT gavinearteel environmentalexposureasariskmodifyingfactorinliverdiseasesknownsandunknowns |