Water Transport Characteristics of Multiple Structures of Xylem Vessels in <i>Magnolia</i>
The multiple structures of xylem vessels in <i>Magnolia</i> provide stable and efficient water transport channels. The structural parameters of xylem vessels were studied in wood sections and in macerated materials. The results showed that the xylem vessels of <i>Magnolia</i>...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/10/1617 |
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| author | Tianyu Xu Shuteng Zhi Yanru Su Zonglei Li Ennan Zheng |
| author_facet | Tianyu Xu Shuteng Zhi Yanru Su Zonglei Li Ennan Zheng |
| author_sort | Tianyu Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The multiple structures of xylem vessels in <i>Magnolia</i> provide stable and efficient water transport channels. The structural parameters of xylem vessels were studied in wood sections and in macerated materials. The results showed that the xylem vessels of <i>Magnolia</i> contained a helical thickening structure and a pit structure of a secondary wall, and the end walls had a scalariform perforation plate. The helical thickening and scalariform perforation plate increased the flow resistance of the vessel, and the pit structure decreased the flow resistance of the vessel. There was a close positive correlation between the flow resistance of the vessels and the helical width, the helical height, the thickness of the scalariform perforation plate, the number of holes in the scalariform perforation plate, the length of the pit canal, and the pit spacing. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the flow resistance of the vessels and the helical spacing, the pit vertical diameter, and the pit domain length. Among these structural parameters, the helical height, the number of holes, and the length of pit canal had a greater influence on the flow resistance. The pit structure caused the vessel to produce radial water transport. The radial transmission efficiency increased with the increase in the pit domain length. With no pit membrane in the pit structure of <i>Magnolia</i>, the radial transmission efficiency would be between 43.99% and 53.21%. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:46:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65dbcd573ca849babfdaddc7a51cc421 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:46:52Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-65dbcd573ca849babfdaddc7a51cc4212023-12-02T00:29:55ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072022-10-011310161710.3390/f13101617Water Transport Characteristics of Multiple Structures of Xylem Vessels in <i>Magnolia</i>Tianyu Xu0Shuteng Zhi1Yanru Su2Zonglei Li3Ennan Zheng4School of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaSchool of Hydraulic and Electric Power, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, ChinaThe multiple structures of xylem vessels in <i>Magnolia</i> provide stable and efficient water transport channels. The structural parameters of xylem vessels were studied in wood sections and in macerated materials. The results showed that the xylem vessels of <i>Magnolia</i> contained a helical thickening structure and a pit structure of a secondary wall, and the end walls had a scalariform perforation plate. The helical thickening and scalariform perforation plate increased the flow resistance of the vessel, and the pit structure decreased the flow resistance of the vessel. There was a close positive correlation between the flow resistance of the vessels and the helical width, the helical height, the thickness of the scalariform perforation plate, the number of holes in the scalariform perforation plate, the length of the pit canal, and the pit spacing. In addition, there was a negative correlation between the flow resistance of the vessels and the helical spacing, the pit vertical diameter, and the pit domain length. Among these structural parameters, the helical height, the number of holes, and the length of pit canal had a greater influence on the flow resistance. The pit structure caused the vessel to produce radial water transport. The radial transmission efficiency increased with the increase in the pit domain length. With no pit membrane in the pit structure of <i>Magnolia</i>, the radial transmission efficiency would be between 43.99% and 53.21%.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/10/1617vesselflow resistancehelical thickeningscalariform perforation platepit structureradial transmission efficiency |
| spellingShingle | Tianyu Xu Shuteng Zhi Yanru Su Zonglei Li Ennan Zheng Water Transport Characteristics of Multiple Structures of Xylem Vessels in <i>Magnolia</i> Forests vessel flow resistance helical thickening scalariform perforation plate pit structure radial transmission efficiency |
| title | Water Transport Characteristics of Multiple Structures of Xylem Vessels in <i>Magnolia</i> |
| title_full | Water Transport Characteristics of Multiple Structures of Xylem Vessels in <i>Magnolia</i> |
| title_fullStr | Water Transport Characteristics of Multiple Structures of Xylem Vessels in <i>Magnolia</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Water Transport Characteristics of Multiple Structures of Xylem Vessels in <i>Magnolia</i> |
| title_short | Water Transport Characteristics of Multiple Structures of Xylem Vessels in <i>Magnolia</i> |
| title_sort | water transport characteristics of multiple structures of xylem vessels in i magnolia i |
| topic | vessel flow resistance helical thickening scalariform perforation plate pit structure radial transmission efficiency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/13/10/1617 |
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