Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus
Young age is often characterized by high consumption of processed foods and fruit juices rich in fructose, which, besides inducing a tendency to become overweight, can promote alterations in brain function. The aim of this study was therefore to (a) clarify brain effects resulting from fructose cons...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/487 |
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| author | Arianna Mazzoli Maria Stefania Spagnuolo Martina Nazzaro Cristina Gatto Susanna Iossa Luisa Cigliano |
| author_facet | Arianna Mazzoli Maria Stefania Spagnuolo Martina Nazzaro Cristina Gatto Susanna Iossa Luisa Cigliano |
| author_sort | Arianna Mazzoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Young age is often characterized by high consumption of processed foods and fruit juices rich in fructose, which, besides inducing a tendency to become overweight, can promote alterations in brain function. The aim of this study was therefore to (a) clarify brain effects resulting from fructose consumption in juvenile age, a critical phase for brain development, and (b) verify whether these alterations can be rescued after removing fructose from the diet. Young rats were fed a fructose-rich or control diet for 3 weeks. Fructose-fed rats were then fed a control diet for a further 3 weeks. We evaluated mitochondrial bioenergetics by high-resolution respirometry in the hippocampus, a brain area that is critically involved in learning and memory. Glucose transporter-5, fructose and uric acid levels, oxidative status, and inflammatory and synaptic markers were investigated by Western blotting and spectrophotometric or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A short-term fructose-rich diet induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, associated with an increased concentration of inflammatory markers and decreased Neurofilament-M and post-synaptic density protein 95. These alterations, except for increases in haptoglobin and nitrotyrosine, were recovered by returning to a control diet. Overall, our results point to the dangerous effects of excessive consumption of fructose in young age but also highlight the effect of partial recovery by switching back to a control diet. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:03:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65dc00375080438885472d6fafee23c8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:03:52Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-65dc00375080438885472d6fafee23c82023-11-21T11:17:29ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212021-03-0110348710.3390/antiox10030487Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in HippocampusArianna Mazzoli0Maria Stefania Spagnuolo1Martina Nazzaro2Cristina Gatto3Susanna Iossa4Luisa Cigliano5Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Bio-Agrofood Science, Institute for the Animal Production System, National Research Council, 80147 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, ItalyDepartment of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant’Angelo, 80126 Naples, ItalyYoung age is often characterized by high consumption of processed foods and fruit juices rich in fructose, which, besides inducing a tendency to become overweight, can promote alterations in brain function. The aim of this study was therefore to (a) clarify brain effects resulting from fructose consumption in juvenile age, a critical phase for brain development, and (b) verify whether these alterations can be rescued after removing fructose from the diet. Young rats were fed a fructose-rich or control diet for 3 weeks. Fructose-fed rats were then fed a control diet for a further 3 weeks. We evaluated mitochondrial bioenergetics by high-resolution respirometry in the hippocampus, a brain area that is critically involved in learning and memory. Glucose transporter-5, fructose and uric acid levels, oxidative status, and inflammatory and synaptic markers were investigated by Western blotting and spectrophotometric or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. A short-term fructose-rich diet induced mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress, associated with an increased concentration of inflammatory markers and decreased Neurofilament-M and post-synaptic density protein 95. These alterations, except for increases in haptoglobin and nitrotyrosine, were recovered by returning to a control diet. Overall, our results point to the dangerous effects of excessive consumption of fructose in young age but also highlight the effect of partial recovery by switching back to a control diet.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/487hippocampusmitochondriafructose dietyoung ratinflammationoxidative stress |
| spellingShingle | Arianna Mazzoli Maria Stefania Spagnuolo Martina Nazzaro Cristina Gatto Susanna Iossa Luisa Cigliano Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus Antioxidants hippocampus mitochondria fructose diet young rat inflammation oxidative stress |
| title | Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus |
| title_full | Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus |
| title_fullStr | Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus |
| title_short | Fructose Removal from the Diet Reverses Inflammation, Mitochondrial Dysfunction, and Oxidative Stress in Hippocampus |
| title_sort | fructose removal from the diet reverses inflammation mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress in hippocampus |
| topic | hippocampus mitochondria fructose diet young rat inflammation oxidative stress |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/10/3/487 |
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