How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating?
In colonial breeding species, preventive measures to reduce the risks of extra-pair copulations (EPCs) should reflect the actual risk perceived by males (e.g., proximity of neighbors, intrusions into the nest) mainly during the fertile period. In colonial vultures, specific studies examining the pre...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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PeerJ Inc.
2016-02-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/1749.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797423838767611904 |
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| author | Joan Bertran Francesc Xavier Macià Antoni Margalida |
| author_facet | Joan Bertran Francesc Xavier Macià Antoni Margalida |
| author_sort | Joan Bertran |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In colonial breeding species, preventive measures to reduce the risks of extra-pair copulations (EPCs) should reflect the actual risk perceived by males (e.g., proximity of neighbors, intrusions into the nest) mainly during the fertile period. In colonial vultures, specific studies examining the preventive measures that minimize the risks of EPCs occurring within the competitive context of colonial breeding have not been conducted. Here we tested at Eurasian Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) nesting sites the intensity of paternity assurance behavior, shown as frequency and duration of within-pair copulations (WPCs), potential mate vigilance or nest attendance, and levels of aggressivity. This was measured according to the frequency of territorial intrusions and comparison of the fertile vs. the non-fertile period. Our findings suggest that the frequency of WPCs and their duration increased significantly during the presumed fertile period, regarded as the period when Griffon pairs spent significantly more time together at their nests. In addition, low levels of territorial intrusions were observed, an aggressive response of pairs towards intruders, and a relatively high presence of pairs at the nests during the fertile period. Thus, although nesting sites are subject to low exposure to EPC attempts, the increased frequency and duration of copulations during the fertile period suggests that, under pressure from the colonial breeding system, a higher rate of copulations is the most effective preventive mechanism against relative uncertainty of paternity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:53:34Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65e99c860ec4492ca80218b450f145bb |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T07:53:34Z |
| publishDate | 2016-02-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
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| spelling | doaj.art-65e99c860ec4492ca80218b450f145bb2023-12-03T01:24:24ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592016-02-014e174910.7717/peerj.1749How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating?Joan Bertran0Francesc Xavier Macià1Antoni Margalida2Bearded Vulture Study and Protection Group, El Pont de Suert, SpainBearded Vulture Study and Protection Group, El Pont de Suert, SpainDepartment of Animal Science (Division of Wildlife), Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida, SpainIn colonial breeding species, preventive measures to reduce the risks of extra-pair copulations (EPCs) should reflect the actual risk perceived by males (e.g., proximity of neighbors, intrusions into the nest) mainly during the fertile period. In colonial vultures, specific studies examining the preventive measures that minimize the risks of EPCs occurring within the competitive context of colonial breeding have not been conducted. Here we tested at Eurasian Griffon Vulture (Gyps fulvus) nesting sites the intensity of paternity assurance behavior, shown as frequency and duration of within-pair copulations (WPCs), potential mate vigilance or nest attendance, and levels of aggressivity. This was measured according to the frequency of territorial intrusions and comparison of the fertile vs. the non-fertile period. Our findings suggest that the frequency of WPCs and their duration increased significantly during the presumed fertile period, regarded as the period when Griffon pairs spent significantly more time together at their nests. In addition, low levels of territorial intrusions were observed, an aggressive response of pairs towards intruders, and a relatively high presence of pairs at the nests during the fertile period. Thus, although nesting sites are subject to low exposure to EPC attempts, the increased frequency and duration of copulations during the fertile period suggests that, under pressure from the colonial breeding system, a higher rate of copulations is the most effective preventive mechanism against relative uncertainty of paternity.https://peerj.com/articles/1749.pdfCopulationsExtra-pair matingColonial speciesVultureSperm competition |
| spellingShingle | Joan Bertran Francesc Xavier Macià Antoni Margalida How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating? PeerJ Copulations Extra-pair mating Colonial species Vulture Sperm competition |
| title | How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating? |
| title_full | How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating? |
| title_fullStr | How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating? |
| title_full_unstemmed | How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating? |
| title_short | How do colonial Eurasian Griffon Vultures prevent extra-pair mating? |
| title_sort | how do colonial eurasian griffon vultures prevent extra pair mating |
| topic | Copulations Extra-pair mating Colonial species Vulture Sperm competition |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/1749.pdf |
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