Biomarkers for Salvage Therapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors
The outcome of metastatic testicular germ cell tumor patients has been dramatically improved by cisplatin-based chemotherapy combinations. However, up to 30% of patients with advanced disease relapse after first-line therapy and require salvage regimens, which include treatments with conventional-do...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-11-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16872 |
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| author | Milena Urbini Sara Bleve Giuseppe Schepisi Cecilia Menna Giorgia Gurioli Caterina Gianni Ugo De Giorgi |
| author_facet | Milena Urbini Sara Bleve Giuseppe Schepisi Cecilia Menna Giorgia Gurioli Caterina Gianni Ugo De Giorgi |
| author_sort | Milena Urbini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The outcome of metastatic testicular germ cell tumor patients has been dramatically improved by cisplatin-based chemotherapy combinations. However, up to 30% of patients with advanced disease relapse after first-line therapy and require salvage regimens, which include treatments with conventional-dose chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation. For these patients, prognosis estimation represents an essential step in the choice of medical treatment but still remains a complex challenge. The available histological, clinical, and biochemical parameters attempt to define the prognosis, but they do not reflect the tumor’s molecular and pathological features and do not predict who will exhibit resistance to the several treatments. Molecular selection of patients and validated biomarkers are highly needed in order to improve current risk stratification and identify novel therapeutic approaches for patients with recurrent disease. Biomolecular biomarkers, including microRNAs, gene expression profiles, and immune-related biomarkers are currently under investigation in testicular germ cell tumors and could potentially hold a prominent place in the future treatment selection and prognostication of these tumors. The aim of this review is to summarize current scientific data regarding prognostic and predictive biomarkers for salvage therapy in testicular germ cell tumors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:49:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-65ff54eff3204ed798f491826a8eb2f2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T01:49:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-65ff54eff3204ed798f491826a8eb2f22023-12-08T15:17:26ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-11-0124231687210.3390/ijms242316872Biomarkers for Salvage Therapy in Testicular Germ Cell TumorsMilena Urbini0Sara Bleve1Giuseppe Schepisi2Cecilia Menna3Giorgia Gurioli4Caterina Gianni5Ugo De Giorgi6Biosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, ItalyDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, ItalyDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, ItalyDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, ItalyBiosciences Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, ItalyDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, ItalyDepartment of Medical Oncology, IRCCS Istituto Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori (IRST) “Dino Amadori”, 47014 Meldola, ItalyThe outcome of metastatic testicular germ cell tumor patients has been dramatically improved by cisplatin-based chemotherapy combinations. However, up to 30% of patients with advanced disease relapse after first-line therapy and require salvage regimens, which include treatments with conventional-dose chemotherapy or high-dose chemotherapy with autologous stem cell transplantation. For these patients, prognosis estimation represents an essential step in the choice of medical treatment but still remains a complex challenge. The available histological, clinical, and biochemical parameters attempt to define the prognosis, but they do not reflect the tumor’s molecular and pathological features and do not predict who will exhibit resistance to the several treatments. Molecular selection of patients and validated biomarkers are highly needed in order to improve current risk stratification and identify novel therapeutic approaches for patients with recurrent disease. Biomolecular biomarkers, including microRNAs, gene expression profiles, and immune-related biomarkers are currently under investigation in testicular germ cell tumors and could potentially hold a prominent place in the future treatment selection and prognostication of these tumors. The aim of this review is to summarize current scientific data regarding prognostic and predictive biomarkers for salvage therapy in testicular germ cell tumors.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16872germ cell tumorstesticular cancerssalvage therapybiomarkersimmunotherapymolecular alterations |
| spellingShingle | Milena Urbini Sara Bleve Giuseppe Schepisi Cecilia Menna Giorgia Gurioli Caterina Gianni Ugo De Giorgi Biomarkers for Salvage Therapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors International Journal of Molecular Sciences germ cell tumors testicular cancers salvage therapy biomarkers immunotherapy molecular alterations |
| title | Biomarkers for Salvage Therapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors |
| title_full | Biomarkers for Salvage Therapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors |
| title_fullStr | Biomarkers for Salvage Therapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biomarkers for Salvage Therapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors |
| title_short | Biomarkers for Salvage Therapy in Testicular Germ Cell Tumors |
| title_sort | biomarkers for salvage therapy in testicular germ cell tumors |
| topic | germ cell tumors testicular cancers salvage therapy biomarkers immunotherapy molecular alterations |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/23/16872 |
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