Capsaicin Potently Blocks <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Invasion of Vero Cells
<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (<i>S. typhimurium</i>) is one of the major food and waterborne bacteria that causes several health outbreaks in the world. Although there are few antibiotics against this bacterium, some of these drugs are challenged with resistance and toxicity...
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Antibiotics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/5/666 |
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| author | Joseph A. Ayariga Daniel A. Abugri Balagopal Amrutha Robert Villafane |
| author_facet | Joseph A. Ayariga Daniel A. Abugri Balagopal Amrutha Robert Villafane |
| author_sort | Joseph A. Ayariga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (<i>S. typhimurium</i>) is one of the major food and waterborne bacteria that causes several health outbreaks in the world. Although there are few antibiotics against this bacterium, some of these drugs are challenged with resistance and toxicity. To mitigate this challenge, our group explored the ethnomedicinal/herbalism knowledge about a certain spice used in Northern Ghana in West Africa against bacterial and viral infection. This plant is <i>Capsicum chinense</i> (<i>C. chinense</i>). The plant is one of the commonest food spices consumed across the world. The seed of the plant contains both capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. Apart from capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, other major capsaicinoids in <i>C. chinense</i> include nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin. In this pilot work, we investigated the antibacterial activity of pure capsaicin and capsaicin extract obtained from <i>C. chinense</i> against <i>S. typhimurium</i> in vitro. Capsaicin extract showed potent inhibition of <i>S. typhimurium</i> growth at concentrations as low as 100 ng/mL, whereas pure capsaicin comparatively showed poorer inhibition of bacteria growth at such a concentration. Interestingly, both capsaicin extract and pure capsaicin were found to potently block a <i>S. typhimurium</i> invasion of the Vero cell in vitro. Taken together, we believed that capsaicin might work synergistically with dihydrocapsaicin or the other capsaicinoids to inhibit <i>S. typhimurium</i> growth, whereas individually, capsaicin or dihydrocapsaicin could potently block the bacteria entry and invasion of Vero cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-660b8904b2a5480a96a95030584ebab4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-6382 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T03:27:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antibiotics |
| spelling | doaj.art-660b8904b2a5480a96a95030584ebab42023-11-23T09:49:23ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822022-05-0111566610.3390/antibiotics11050666Capsaicin Potently Blocks <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Invasion of Vero CellsJoseph A. Ayariga0Daniel A. Abugri1Balagopal Amrutha2Robert Villafane3The Biomedical Engineering Program, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USADepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USADivision of Oncology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, College of Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics (C-STEM), Alabama State University, Montgomery, AL 36104, USA<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> (<i>S. typhimurium</i>) is one of the major food and waterborne bacteria that causes several health outbreaks in the world. Although there are few antibiotics against this bacterium, some of these drugs are challenged with resistance and toxicity. To mitigate this challenge, our group explored the ethnomedicinal/herbalism knowledge about a certain spice used in Northern Ghana in West Africa against bacterial and viral infection. This plant is <i>Capsicum chinense</i> (<i>C. chinense</i>). The plant is one of the commonest food spices consumed across the world. The seed of the plant contains both capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin. Apart from capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin, other major capsaicinoids in <i>C. chinense</i> include nordihydrocapsaicin, homodihydrocapsaicin, and homocapsaicin. In this pilot work, we investigated the antibacterial activity of pure capsaicin and capsaicin extract obtained from <i>C. chinense</i> against <i>S. typhimurium</i> in vitro. Capsaicin extract showed potent inhibition of <i>S. typhimurium</i> growth at concentrations as low as 100 ng/mL, whereas pure capsaicin comparatively showed poorer inhibition of bacteria growth at such a concentration. Interestingly, both capsaicin extract and pure capsaicin were found to potently block a <i>S. typhimurium</i> invasion of the Vero cell in vitro. Taken together, we believed that capsaicin might work synergistically with dihydrocapsaicin or the other capsaicinoids to inhibit <i>S. typhimurium</i> growth, whereas individually, capsaicin or dihydrocapsaicin could potently block the bacteria entry and invasion of Vero cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/5/666<i>Capsicum chinense</i>capsaicininhibition<i>Salmonella typhimurium</i>growth |
| spellingShingle | Joseph A. Ayariga Daniel A. Abugri Balagopal Amrutha Robert Villafane Capsaicin Potently Blocks <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Invasion of Vero Cells Antibiotics <i>Capsicum chinense</i> capsaicin inhibition <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> growth |
| title | Capsaicin Potently Blocks <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Invasion of Vero Cells |
| title_full | Capsaicin Potently Blocks <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Invasion of Vero Cells |
| title_fullStr | Capsaicin Potently Blocks <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Invasion of Vero Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Capsaicin Potently Blocks <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Invasion of Vero Cells |
| title_short | Capsaicin Potently Blocks <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> Invasion of Vero Cells |
| title_sort | capsaicin potently blocks i salmonella typhimurium i invasion of vero cells |
| topic | <i>Capsicum chinense</i> capsaicin inhibition <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> growth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/11/5/666 |
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