Protocol for the Use of a Novel Bioreactor System for Hydrated Mechanical Testing, Strained Sterile Culture, and Force of Contraction Measurement of Tissue Engineered Muscle Constructs
Bioreactor systems are built as controlled environments for biological processes and utilized in the field of tissue engineering to apply mechanical, spatial, and chemical cues to developing tissue grafts. Often the systems are applied to instruct differentiation and maturation of the cells grown in...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-04-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.661036/full |
| _version_ | 1818328819236339712 |
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| author | Sarah M. Somers Sarah M. Somers Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson |
| author_facet | Sarah M. Somers Sarah M. Somers Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson |
| author_sort | Sarah M. Somers |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bioreactor systems are built as controlled environments for biological processes and utilized in the field of tissue engineering to apply mechanical, spatial, and chemical cues to developing tissue grafts. Often the systems are applied to instruct differentiation and maturation of the cells grown inside. Perhaps the most obvious targets for strain and compression-based bioreactors are mechanically active tissues, as it is hypothesized that biomimetic mechanical environments instruct immature cells to form differentiated tissues. One such tissue, skeletal muscle, has been identified as a key candidate for strain application due to the close structure-function relationship of myofibers. Here we detail the multiple uses of a custom-built bioreactor system in combination with electrospun fibrin microfibers for muscle tissue engineering. Outlined below are the methods used in the system to test the mechanical properties of hydrogel-based scaffolds in an aqueous environment, including Young’s modulus and poroelasticity. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of tensile strain to sterile cell cultures grown on electrospun scaffolds and perform end-point testing of tissue contractility with the addition of an electrode. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:38:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-660b9e5f6e814080844956024726517c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-634X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T12:38:13Z |
| publishDate | 2021-04-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-660b9e5f6e814080844956024726517c2022-12-21T23:45:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology2296-634X2021-04-01910.3389/fcell.2021.661036661036Protocol for the Use of a Novel Bioreactor System for Hydrated Mechanical Testing, Strained Sterile Culture, and Force of Contraction Measurement of Tissue Engineered Muscle ConstructsSarah M. Somers0Sarah M. Somers1Warren L. Grayson2Warren L. Grayson3Warren L. Grayson4Warren L. Grayson5Warren L. Grayson6Translational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesTranslational Tissue Engineering Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Material Sciences and Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United StatesDepartment of Chemical and Biomolecular, Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United StatesInstitute for NanoBioTechnology (INBT), Johns Hopkins University School of Engineering, Baltimore, MD, United StatesBioreactor systems are built as controlled environments for biological processes and utilized in the field of tissue engineering to apply mechanical, spatial, and chemical cues to developing tissue grafts. Often the systems are applied to instruct differentiation and maturation of the cells grown inside. Perhaps the most obvious targets for strain and compression-based bioreactors are mechanically active tissues, as it is hypothesized that biomimetic mechanical environments instruct immature cells to form differentiated tissues. One such tissue, skeletal muscle, has been identified as a key candidate for strain application due to the close structure-function relationship of myofibers. Here we detail the multiple uses of a custom-built bioreactor system in combination with electrospun fibrin microfibers for muscle tissue engineering. Outlined below are the methods used in the system to test the mechanical properties of hydrogel-based scaffolds in an aqueous environment, including Young’s modulus and poroelasticity. Additionally, we demonstrate the application of tensile strain to sterile cell cultures grown on electrospun scaffolds and perform end-point testing of tissue contractility with the addition of an electrode.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.661036/fullbioreactorsskeletal muscletissue engineeringmechanobiologyelectrospun fibrin |
| spellingShingle | Sarah M. Somers Sarah M. Somers Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Warren L. Grayson Protocol for the Use of a Novel Bioreactor System for Hydrated Mechanical Testing, Strained Sterile Culture, and Force of Contraction Measurement of Tissue Engineered Muscle Constructs Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology bioreactors skeletal muscle tissue engineering mechanobiology electrospun fibrin |
| title | Protocol for the Use of a Novel Bioreactor System for Hydrated Mechanical Testing, Strained Sterile Culture, and Force of Contraction Measurement of Tissue Engineered Muscle Constructs |
| title_full | Protocol for the Use of a Novel Bioreactor System for Hydrated Mechanical Testing, Strained Sterile Culture, and Force of Contraction Measurement of Tissue Engineered Muscle Constructs |
| title_fullStr | Protocol for the Use of a Novel Bioreactor System for Hydrated Mechanical Testing, Strained Sterile Culture, and Force of Contraction Measurement of Tissue Engineered Muscle Constructs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Protocol for the Use of a Novel Bioreactor System for Hydrated Mechanical Testing, Strained Sterile Culture, and Force of Contraction Measurement of Tissue Engineered Muscle Constructs |
| title_short | Protocol for the Use of a Novel Bioreactor System for Hydrated Mechanical Testing, Strained Sterile Culture, and Force of Contraction Measurement of Tissue Engineered Muscle Constructs |
| title_sort | protocol for the use of a novel bioreactor system for hydrated mechanical testing strained sterile culture and force of contraction measurement of tissue engineered muscle constructs |
| topic | bioreactors skeletal muscle tissue engineering mechanobiology electrospun fibrin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcell.2021.661036/full |
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