Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens
The increasing diffusion of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across more and more bacterial species emphasizes the urgency of identifying innovative treatment strategies to counter its diffusion. Pathogen infection prevention is among the most effective strategies to prevent the spread of both disease...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-07-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12054 |
| _version_ | 1797586675248922624 |
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| author | Francesco Tognetti Massimiliano Biagini Maxime Denis Francesco Berti Domenico Maione Daniela Stranges |
| author_facet | Francesco Tognetti Massimiliano Biagini Maxime Denis Francesco Berti Domenico Maione Daniela Stranges |
| author_sort | Francesco Tognetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The increasing diffusion of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across more and more bacterial species emphasizes the urgency of identifying innovative treatment strategies to counter its diffusion. Pathogen infection prevention is among the most effective strategies to prevent the spread of both disease and AMR. Since their discovery, vaccines have been the strongest prophylactic weapon against infectious diseases, with a multitude of different antigen types and formulative strategies developed over more than a century to protect populations from different pathogens. In this review, we review the main characteristics of vaccine formulations in use and under development against AMR pathogens, focusing on the importance of administering multiple antigens where possible, and the challenges associated with their development and production. The most relevant antigen classes and adjuvant systems are described, highlighting their mechanisms of action and presenting examples of their use in clinical trials against AMR. We also present an overview of the analytical and formulative strategies for multivalent vaccines, in which we discuss the complexities associated with mixing multiple components in a single formulation. This review emphasizes the importance of combining existing knowledge with advanced technologies within a Quality by Design development framework to efficiently develop vaccines against AMR pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:26:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-660bf8733dcd463faee176bc1989c0a1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T00:26:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-660bf8733dcd463faee176bc1989c0a12023-11-18T22:59:42ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-07-0124151205410.3390/ijms241512054Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant PathogensFrancesco Tognetti0Massimiliano Biagini1Maxime Denis2Francesco Berti3Domenico Maione4Daniela Stranges5Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo 5, 35131 Padua, ItalyGSK, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK, 53100 Siena, ItalyGSK, 53100 Siena, ItalyThe increasing diffusion of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) across more and more bacterial species emphasizes the urgency of identifying innovative treatment strategies to counter its diffusion. Pathogen infection prevention is among the most effective strategies to prevent the spread of both disease and AMR. Since their discovery, vaccines have been the strongest prophylactic weapon against infectious diseases, with a multitude of different antigen types and formulative strategies developed over more than a century to protect populations from different pathogens. In this review, we review the main characteristics of vaccine formulations in use and under development against AMR pathogens, focusing on the importance of administering multiple antigens where possible, and the challenges associated with their development and production. The most relevant antigen classes and adjuvant systems are described, highlighting their mechanisms of action and presenting examples of their use in clinical trials against AMR. We also present an overview of the analytical and formulative strategies for multivalent vaccines, in which we discuss the complexities associated with mixing multiple components in a single formulation. This review emphasizes the importance of combining existing knowledge with advanced technologies within a Quality by Design development framework to efficiently develop vaccines against AMR pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12054vaccineAMRformulationantigenadjuvant |
| spellingShingle | Francesco Tognetti Massimiliano Biagini Maxime Denis Francesco Berti Domenico Maione Daniela Stranges Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens International Journal of Molecular Sciences vaccine AMR formulation antigen adjuvant |
| title | Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens |
| title_full | Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens |
| title_short | Evolution of Vaccines Formulation to Tackle the Challenge of Anti-Microbial Resistant Pathogens |
| title_sort | evolution of vaccines formulation to tackle the challenge of anti microbial resistant pathogens |
| topic | vaccine AMR formulation antigen adjuvant |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/24/15/12054 |
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