Discovery of Viral Myosin Genes With Complex Evolutionary History Within Plankton
Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) infect diverse eukaryotes and form a group of viruses with capsids encapsulating large genomes. Recent studies are increasingly revealing a spectacular array of functions encoded in their genomes, including genes for energy metabolisms, nutrient uptake, a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Microbiology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.683294/full |
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| author | Soichiro Kijima Tom O. Delmont Urara Miyazaki Urara Miyazaki Morgan Gaia Hisashi Endo Hiroyuki Ogata |
| author_facet | Soichiro Kijima Tom O. Delmont Urara Miyazaki Urara Miyazaki Morgan Gaia Hisashi Endo Hiroyuki Ogata |
| author_sort | Soichiro Kijima |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Nucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) infect diverse eukaryotes and form a group of viruses with capsids encapsulating large genomes. Recent studies are increasingly revealing a spectacular array of functions encoded in their genomes, including genes for energy metabolisms, nutrient uptake, as well as cytoskeleton. Here, we report the discovery of genes homologous to myosins, the major eukaryotic motor proteins previously unrecognized in the virosphere, in environmental genomes of NCLDVs from the surface of the oceans. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that most viral myosins (named “virmyosins”) belong to the Imitervirales order, except for one belonging to the Phycodnaviridae family. On the one hand, the phylogenetic positions of virmyosin-encoding Imitervirales are scattered within the Imitervirales. On the other hand, Imitervirales virmyosin genes form a monophyletic group in the phylogeny of diverse myosin sequences. Furthermore, phylogenetic trends for the virmyosin genes and viruses containing them were incongruent. Based on these results, we argue that multiple transfers of myosin homologs have occurred not only from eukaryotes to viruses but also between viruses, supposedly during co-infections of the same host. Like other viruses that use host motor proteins for their intracellular transport or motility, these viruses may use the virally encoded myosins for the intracellular trafficking of giant viral particles. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:23:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-660e0ce86e92481eb60b3093c5c73df1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-302X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T15:23:04Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Microbiology |
| spelling | doaj.art-660e0ce86e92481eb60b3093c5c73df12022-12-21T18:58:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2021-06-011210.3389/fmicb.2021.683294683294Discovery of Viral Myosin Genes With Complex Evolutionary History Within PlanktonSoichiro Kijima0Tom O. Delmont1Urara Miyazaki2Urara Miyazaki3Morgan Gaia4Hisashi Endo5Hiroyuki Ogata6Chemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, JapanMetabolic Genomics, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Évry-Courcouronnes, FranceChemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, JapanLaboratory of Marine Environmental Microbiology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanMetabolic Genomics, Genoscope, Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, CNRS, Univ Evry, Université Paris Saclay, Évry-Courcouronnes, FranceChemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, JapanChemical Life Science, Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, JapanNucleocytoplasmic large DNA viruses (NCLDVs) infect diverse eukaryotes and form a group of viruses with capsids encapsulating large genomes. Recent studies are increasingly revealing a spectacular array of functions encoded in their genomes, including genes for energy metabolisms, nutrient uptake, as well as cytoskeleton. Here, we report the discovery of genes homologous to myosins, the major eukaryotic motor proteins previously unrecognized in the virosphere, in environmental genomes of NCLDVs from the surface of the oceans. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that most viral myosins (named “virmyosins”) belong to the Imitervirales order, except for one belonging to the Phycodnaviridae family. On the one hand, the phylogenetic positions of virmyosin-encoding Imitervirales are scattered within the Imitervirales. On the other hand, Imitervirales virmyosin genes form a monophyletic group in the phylogeny of diverse myosin sequences. Furthermore, phylogenetic trends for the virmyosin genes and viruses containing them were incongruent. Based on these results, we argue that multiple transfers of myosin homologs have occurred not only from eukaryotes to viruses but also between viruses, supposedly during co-infections of the same host. Like other viruses that use host motor proteins for their intracellular transport or motility, these viruses may use the virally encoded myosins for the intracellular trafficking of giant viral particles.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.683294/fullNCLDVgiant virusesmyosinphylogenyviral diversityNucleocytoviricota |
| spellingShingle | Soichiro Kijima Tom O. Delmont Urara Miyazaki Urara Miyazaki Morgan Gaia Hisashi Endo Hiroyuki Ogata Discovery of Viral Myosin Genes With Complex Evolutionary History Within Plankton Frontiers in Microbiology NCLDV giant viruses myosin phylogeny viral diversity Nucleocytoviricota |
| title | Discovery of Viral Myosin Genes With Complex Evolutionary History Within Plankton |
| title_full | Discovery of Viral Myosin Genes With Complex Evolutionary History Within Plankton |
| title_fullStr | Discovery of Viral Myosin Genes With Complex Evolutionary History Within Plankton |
| title_full_unstemmed | Discovery of Viral Myosin Genes With Complex Evolutionary History Within Plankton |
| title_short | Discovery of Viral Myosin Genes With Complex Evolutionary History Within Plankton |
| title_sort | discovery of viral myosin genes with complex evolutionary history within plankton |
| topic | NCLDV giant viruses myosin phylogeny viral diversity Nucleocytoviricota |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2021.683294/full |
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