Validating the Chinese Version of the Personal Accountability Measure for Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Teacher Accountability in China
The study aims to validate the Chinese version of Personal Accountability Measure (PAM-Ch), which is used to assess the subjective aspect of teacher accountability, by surveying 1146 teachers enrolled in professional development courses offered by a public university in Beijing. The validation proce...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Behavioral Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/2/145 |
| _version_ | 1797622350254964736 |
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| author | Kwok Kuen Tsang Wanying Zhang Yuan Teng Huan Song |
| author_facet | Kwok Kuen Tsang Wanying Zhang Yuan Teng Huan Song |
| author_sort | Kwok Kuen Tsang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The study aims to validate the Chinese version of Personal Accountability Measure (PAM-Ch), which is used to assess the subjective aspect of teacher accountability, by surveying 1146 teachers enrolled in professional development courses offered by a public university in Beijing. The validation process involved two phases. First, the samples were randomly divided into three subgroups—for subgroup 1 (<i>n</i> = 390), exploratory factor analysis was computed; for subgroup 2 (<i>n</i> = 359), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was computed; and, for subgroup 3 (<i>n</i> = 381), a new CFA was performed for cross-validation. Second, Cronbach’s α, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), maximum shared variance (MSV), and average shared variance (ASV) were calculated for testing the reliability and validity. Throughout the process, three measurement models were tested for the adaptation of the PAM-Ch in this study. The results found that Model 2 was the best fit for the data, whose factor loadings ranged from 0.72–0.95 for internal accountability (factor 1) and 0.75–0.89 for external accountability (factor 2). The CRs of these two factors were 0.963 and 0.916, respectively, and the AVE values were 0.790 and 0.645, respectively, indicating that the PAM-Ch is a reliable and valid measure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-661a0766cfa744fda5ceb60c7307fc0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-328X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:09:01Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Behavioral Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-661a0766cfa744fda5ceb60c7307fc0d2023-11-16T19:09:10ZengMDPI AGBehavioral Sciences2076-328X2023-02-0113214510.3390/bs13020145Validating the Chinese Version of the Personal Accountability Measure for Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Teacher Accountability in ChinaKwok Kuen Tsang0Wanying Zhang1Yuan Teng2Huan Song3Department of Education Policy and Leadership, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, ChinaFaculty of Education, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaFaculty of Education, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, ChinaCenter for Teacher Education Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaThe study aims to validate the Chinese version of Personal Accountability Measure (PAM-Ch), which is used to assess the subjective aspect of teacher accountability, by surveying 1146 teachers enrolled in professional development courses offered by a public university in Beijing. The validation process involved two phases. First, the samples were randomly divided into three subgroups—for subgroup 1 (<i>n</i> = 390), exploratory factor analysis was computed; for subgroup 2 (<i>n</i> = 359), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was computed; and, for subgroup 3 (<i>n</i> = 381), a new CFA was performed for cross-validation. Second, Cronbach’s α, composite reliability (CR), average variance extracted (AVE), maximum shared variance (MSV), and average shared variance (ASV) were calculated for testing the reliability and validity. Throughout the process, three measurement models were tested for the adaptation of the PAM-Ch in this study. The results found that Model 2 was the best fit for the data, whose factor loadings ranged from 0.72–0.95 for internal accountability (factor 1) and 0.75–0.89 for external accountability (factor 2). The CRs of these two factors were 0.963 and 0.916, respectively, and the AVE values were 0.790 and 0.645, respectively, indicating that the PAM-Ch is a reliable and valid measure.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/2/145teacher accountabilityfelt accountabilityaccountability dispositionvalidation |
| spellingShingle | Kwok Kuen Tsang Wanying Zhang Yuan Teng Huan Song Validating the Chinese Version of the Personal Accountability Measure for Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Teacher Accountability in China Behavioral Sciences teacher accountability felt accountability accountability disposition validation |
| title | Validating the Chinese Version of the Personal Accountability Measure for Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Teacher Accountability in China |
| title_full | Validating the Chinese Version of the Personal Accountability Measure for Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Teacher Accountability in China |
| title_fullStr | Validating the Chinese Version of the Personal Accountability Measure for Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Teacher Accountability in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validating the Chinese Version of the Personal Accountability Measure for Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Teacher Accountability in China |
| title_short | Validating the Chinese Version of the Personal Accountability Measure for Assessing Teachers’ Perceptions and Experiences of Teacher Accountability in China |
| title_sort | validating the chinese version of the personal accountability measure for assessing teachers perceptions and experiences of teacher accountability in china |
| topic | teacher accountability felt accountability accountability disposition validation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-328X/13/2/145 |
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