Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>?
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> superantigens (SAgs) are among the most potent T cell mitogens known. They stimulate large fractions of T cells by cross-linking their T cell receptor with major histocompatibility complex class-II molecules on antigen presenting cells, resulting in T cell pr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/3/176 |
| _version_ | 1811264150148481024 |
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| author | Goran Abdurrahman Frieder Schmiedeke Claus Bachert Barbara M. Bröker Silva Holtfreter |
| author_facet | Goran Abdurrahman Frieder Schmiedeke Claus Bachert Barbara M. Bröker Silva Holtfreter |
| author_sort | Goran Abdurrahman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> superantigens (SAgs) are among the most potent T cell mitogens known. They stimulate large fractions of T cells by cross-linking their T cell receptor with major histocompatibility complex class-II molecules on antigen presenting cells, resulting in T cell proliferation and massive cytokine release. To date, 26 different SAgs have been described in the species <i>S. aureus</i>; they comprise the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), as well as 25 staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) or enterotoxin-like proteins (SEls). SAgs can cause staphylococcal food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome and contribute to the clinical symptoms of staphylococcal infection. In addition, there is growing evidence that SAgs are involved in allergic diseases. This review provides an overview on recent epidemiological data on the involvement of <i>S. aureus</i> SAgs and anti-SAg-IgE in allergy, demonstrating that being sensitized to SEs—in contrast to inhalant allergens—is associated with a severe disease course in patients with chronic airway inflammation. The mechanisms by which SAgs trigger or amplify allergic immune responses, however, are not yet fully understood. Here, we discuss known and hypothetical pathways by which SAgs can drive an atopic disease. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:57:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-661a2d7e8fc24dce972558be1b918a24 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T19:57:39Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-661a2d7e8fc24dce972558be1b918a242022-12-22T03:18:37ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512020-03-0112317610.3390/toxins12030176toxins12030176Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>?Goran Abdurrahman0Frieder Schmiedeke1Claus Bachert2Barbara M. Bröker3Silva Holtfreter4Department of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, GermanyDepartment of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, GermanyUpper Airways Research Laboratory, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, BelgiumDepartment of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, GermanyDepartment of Immunology, University Medicine Greifswald, 17475 Greifswald, Germany<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> superantigens (SAgs) are among the most potent T cell mitogens known. They stimulate large fractions of T cells by cross-linking their T cell receptor with major histocompatibility complex class-II molecules on antigen presenting cells, resulting in T cell proliferation and massive cytokine release. To date, 26 different SAgs have been described in the species <i>S. aureus</i>; they comprise the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), as well as 25 staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) or enterotoxin-like proteins (SEls). SAgs can cause staphylococcal food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome and contribute to the clinical symptoms of staphylococcal infection. In addition, there is growing evidence that SAgs are involved in allergic diseases. This review provides an overview on recent epidemiological data on the involvement of <i>S. aureus</i> SAgs and anti-SAg-IgE in allergy, demonstrating that being sensitized to SEs—in contrast to inhalant allergens—is associated with a severe disease course in patients with chronic airway inflammation. The mechanisms by which SAgs trigger or amplify allergic immune responses, however, are not yet fully understood. Here, we discuss known and hypothetical pathways by which SAgs can drive an atopic disease.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/3/176<i>staphylococcus aureus</i>superantigenst cellsallergysensitizationiget cell superallergen |
| spellingShingle | Goran Abdurrahman Frieder Schmiedeke Claus Bachert Barbara M. Bröker Silva Holtfreter Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>? Toxins <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> superantigens t cells allergy sensitization ige t cell superallergen |
| title | Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>? |
| title_full | Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>? |
| title_fullStr | Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>? |
| title_full_unstemmed | Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>? |
| title_short | Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>? |
| title_sort | allergy a new role for t cell superantigens of i staphylococcus aureus i |
| topic | <i>staphylococcus aureus</i> superantigens t cells allergy sensitization ige t cell superallergen |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/12/3/176 |
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