Field Demonstration of Parallel Operation of Virtual Synchronous Controlled Grid-Forming Inverters and a Diesel Synchronous Generator in a Microgrid
With the growing shift toward renewable energy, attention focused on the disadvantages of current control inverter-based distributed generators, such as lack of grid-forming ability and inertia. To provide inertia support and grid-forming ability, virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) have been prop...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9755962/ |
| _version_ | 1818049710274904064 |
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| author | Qiang Lin Hiroshi Uno Kenichiro Ogawa Yasuhiro Kanekiyo Tetsu Shijo Junichi Arai Takeshi Matsuda Daiki Yamashita Kenji Otani |
| author_facet | Qiang Lin Hiroshi Uno Kenichiro Ogawa Yasuhiro Kanekiyo Tetsu Shijo Junichi Arai Takeshi Matsuda Daiki Yamashita Kenji Otani |
| author_sort | Qiang Lin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | With the growing shift toward renewable energy, attention focused on the disadvantages of current control inverter-based distributed generators, such as lack of grid-forming ability and inertia. To provide inertia support and grid-forming ability, virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) have been proposed. Various control methods related to VSGs have been reported, and various research challenges have been evaluated. However, only a few experimental demonstrations have been addressed. Recommended practices for VSGs were launched as IEEE Standard Project 2988 on March 25, 2021, with VSGs considered to be a new technology that is nearly ready to be put into practical use. Therefore, experimental demonstrations on a real-scale grid are important for establishing a technical standard for VSGs. In this study, a grid was built by simulating an actual microgrid on an approximately 1:1 power capacity scale. In the simulated grid, 125 kVA was provided by a diesel SG, five 20 kVA inverters with a battery energy system (BES) were used, and the power generation penetration of the inverter BES units achieved 44.4%. Six different penetration scenarios for operation of a grid forming inverter with BES (GFM-BES) and a grid following inverter with BES (GFL-BES) were evaluated comparatively. System inertia, and transient and steady state power sharing characteristics affected by different degrees of GFM-BES penetration under a sudden load change were demonstrated. Moreover, characteristics related to grid forming, synchronization, frequency regulation, and power regulation were demonstrated through field tests. The simulations and experiments also evaluated the inertia constant of a diesel SG, which is expected to be helpful for future simulations on this topic. The findings of this paper provide important instructions for engineers to model, design, and test distributed generators. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:41:54Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-661e7126ddf94fd8adfbfda4c33ebab5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T10:41:54Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-661e7126ddf94fd8adfbfda4c33ebab52022-12-22T01:52:17ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-0110390953910710.1109/ACCESS.2022.31669539755962Field Demonstration of Parallel Operation of Virtual Synchronous Controlled Grid-Forming Inverters and a Diesel Synchronous Generator in a MicrogridQiang Lin0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1399-4599Hiroshi Uno1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5576-680XKenichiro Ogawa2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6216-5199Yasuhiro Kanekiyo3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3835-5838Tetsu Shijo4https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6368-8808Junichi Arai5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0809-5174Takeshi Matsuda6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6058-6133Daiki Yamashita7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0538-4624Kenji Otani8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2720-7357Toshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, JapanToshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, JapanToshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, JapanToshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, JapanToshiba Corporation, Kawasaki, JapanEnergy and Environment Technology Research Institute, Tokyo, JapanPacific Power Company Ltd., Tokyo, JapanPacific Consultants Company Ltd., Tokyo, JapanNational Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Fukusima, Koriyama, JapanWith the growing shift toward renewable energy, attention focused on the disadvantages of current control inverter-based distributed generators, such as lack of grid-forming ability and inertia. To provide inertia support and grid-forming ability, virtual synchronous generators (VSGs) have been proposed. Various control methods related to VSGs have been reported, and various research challenges have been evaluated. However, only a few experimental demonstrations have been addressed. Recommended practices for VSGs were launched as IEEE Standard Project 2988 on March 25, 2021, with VSGs considered to be a new technology that is nearly ready to be put into practical use. Therefore, experimental demonstrations on a real-scale grid are important for establishing a technical standard for VSGs. In this study, a grid was built by simulating an actual microgrid on an approximately 1:1 power capacity scale. In the simulated grid, 125 kVA was provided by a diesel SG, five 20 kVA inverters with a battery energy system (BES) were used, and the power generation penetration of the inverter BES units achieved 44.4%. Six different penetration scenarios for operation of a grid forming inverter with BES (GFM-BES) and a grid following inverter with BES (GFL-BES) were evaluated comparatively. System inertia, and transient and steady state power sharing characteristics affected by different degrees of GFM-BES penetration under a sudden load change were demonstrated. Moreover, characteristics related to grid forming, synchronization, frequency regulation, and power regulation were demonstrated through field tests. The simulations and experiments also evaluated the inertia constant of a diesel SG, which is expected to be helpful for future simulations on this topic. The findings of this paper provide important instructions for engineers to model, design, and test distributed generators.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9755962/Distributed power generationmicrogriddiesel synchronous generatorvirtual synchronous generator (VSG)parallel operationgrid-forming |
| spellingShingle | Qiang Lin Hiroshi Uno Kenichiro Ogawa Yasuhiro Kanekiyo Tetsu Shijo Junichi Arai Takeshi Matsuda Daiki Yamashita Kenji Otani Field Demonstration of Parallel Operation of Virtual Synchronous Controlled Grid-Forming Inverters and a Diesel Synchronous Generator in a Microgrid IEEE Access Distributed power generation microgrid diesel synchronous generator virtual synchronous generator (VSG) parallel operation grid-forming |
| title | Field Demonstration of Parallel Operation of Virtual Synchronous Controlled Grid-Forming Inverters and a Diesel Synchronous Generator in a Microgrid |
| title_full | Field Demonstration of Parallel Operation of Virtual Synchronous Controlled Grid-Forming Inverters and a Diesel Synchronous Generator in a Microgrid |
| title_fullStr | Field Demonstration of Parallel Operation of Virtual Synchronous Controlled Grid-Forming Inverters and a Diesel Synchronous Generator in a Microgrid |
| title_full_unstemmed | Field Demonstration of Parallel Operation of Virtual Synchronous Controlled Grid-Forming Inverters and a Diesel Synchronous Generator in a Microgrid |
| title_short | Field Demonstration of Parallel Operation of Virtual Synchronous Controlled Grid-Forming Inverters and a Diesel Synchronous Generator in a Microgrid |
| title_sort | field demonstration of parallel operation of virtual synchronous controlled grid forming inverters and a diesel synchronous generator in a microgrid |
| topic | Distributed power generation microgrid diesel synchronous generator virtual synchronous generator (VSG) parallel operation grid-forming |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9755962/ |
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