Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>SPL</i> Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Flowering Induction in <i>Prunus</i> × <i>yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’
SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like (<i>SPL</i>) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors which bind to the SQUAMOSA promoter of the MADS-box genes to regulate its expression. It plays important regulatory roles in floral induction and development, fertility, light signals an...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/10052 |
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| author | Lan Gao Tong Lyu Yingmin Lyu |
| author_facet | Lan Gao Tong Lyu Yingmin Lyu |
| author_sort | Lan Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | SQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like (<i>SPL</i>) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors which bind to the SQUAMOSA promoter of the MADS-box genes to regulate its expression. It plays important regulatory roles in floral induction and development, fertility, light signals and hormonal transduction, and stress response in plants. In this study, 32 <i>PySPL</i> genes with complete <i>SBP</i> (squamosa promoter binding protein) conserved domain were identified from the genome of <i>Prunus × yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ and analyzed by bioinformatics. 32 <i>PySPLs</i> were distributed on 13 chromosomes, encoding 32 <i>PySPL</i> proteins with different physical and chemical properties. The phylogenetic tree constructed with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and <i>Oryza sativa</i> can be divided into 10 subtribes, indicating <i>PySPLs</i> of different clusters have different biological functions. The conserved motif prediction showed that the number and distribution of motifs on each <i>PySPL</i> is varied. The gene structure analysis revealed that <i>PySPLs</i> harbored exons ranging from 2 to 10. The predictive analysis of acting elements showed that the promoter of <i>PySPLs</i> contain a large number of light-responsive elements, as well as response elements related to hormone response, growth and development and stress response. The analysis of the <i>PySPLs</i> expressions in flower induction and flower organs based on qRT-PCR showed that <i>PySPL06</i><i>/22</i> may be the key genes of flower development, <i>PySPL01/06</i> and <i>PySPL22</i> may play a role in the development of sepal and pistil, respectively. The results provide a foundation for the study of <i>SPL</i> transcription factors of <i>Prunus × yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ and provide more reference information of the function of <i>SPL</i> gene in flowering. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:42:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-6627c7a2f638419ebf54422ba416a4452023-11-23T13:21:59ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123171005210.3390/ijms231710052Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>SPL</i> Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Flowering Induction in <i>Prunus</i> × <i>yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’Lan Gao0Tong Lyu1Yingmin Lyu2Beijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaBeijing Flower Engineering Technology Research Center, Plant Institute, China National Botanical Garden North Park, Beijing 100093, ChinaBeijing Key Laboratory of Ornamental Plants Germplasm Innovation & Molecular Breeding, China National Engineering Research Center for Floriculture, College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, ChinaSQUAMOSA Promoter-Binding Protein-Like (<i>SPL</i>) genes encode plant-specific transcription factors which bind to the SQUAMOSA promoter of the MADS-box genes to regulate its expression. It plays important regulatory roles in floral induction and development, fertility, light signals and hormonal transduction, and stress response in plants. In this study, 32 <i>PySPL</i> genes with complete <i>SBP</i> (squamosa promoter binding protein) conserved domain were identified from the genome of <i>Prunus × yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ and analyzed by bioinformatics. 32 <i>PySPLs</i> were distributed on 13 chromosomes, encoding 32 <i>PySPL</i> proteins with different physical and chemical properties. The phylogenetic tree constructed with <i>Arabidopsis thaliana</i> and <i>Oryza sativa</i> can be divided into 10 subtribes, indicating <i>PySPLs</i> of different clusters have different biological functions. The conserved motif prediction showed that the number and distribution of motifs on each <i>PySPL</i> is varied. The gene structure analysis revealed that <i>PySPLs</i> harbored exons ranging from 2 to 10. The predictive analysis of acting elements showed that the promoter of <i>PySPLs</i> contain a large number of light-responsive elements, as well as response elements related to hormone response, growth and development and stress response. The analysis of the <i>PySPLs</i> expressions in flower induction and flower organs based on qRT-PCR showed that <i>PySPL06</i><i>/22</i> may be the key genes of flower development, <i>PySPL01/06</i> and <i>PySPL22</i> may play a role in the development of sepal and pistil, respectively. The results provide a foundation for the study of <i>SPL</i> transcription factors of <i>Prunus × yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ and provide more reference information of the function of <i>SPL</i> gene in flowering.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/10052<i>Prunus × yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’<i>SPL</i> transcription factorflower inductiongenomeexpression analysis |
| spellingShingle | Lan Gao Tong Lyu Yingmin Lyu Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>SPL</i> Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Flowering Induction in <i>Prunus</i> × <i>yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ International Journal of Molecular Sciences <i>Prunus × yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ <i>SPL</i> transcription factor flower induction genome expression analysis |
| title | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>SPL</i> Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Flowering Induction in <i>Prunus</i> × <i>yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ |
| title_full | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>SPL</i> Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Flowering Induction in <i>Prunus</i> × <i>yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ |
| title_fullStr | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>SPL</i> Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Flowering Induction in <i>Prunus</i> × <i>yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>SPL</i> Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Flowering Induction in <i>Prunus</i> × <i>yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ |
| title_short | Genome-Wide Analysis of the <i>SPL</i> Gene Family and Expression Analysis during Flowering Induction in <i>Prunus</i> × <i>yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ |
| title_sort | genome wide analysis of the i spl i gene family and expression analysis during flowering induction in i prunus i i yedoensis i somei yoshino |
| topic | <i>Prunus × yedoensis</i> ‘Somei-yoshino’ <i>SPL</i> transcription factor flower induction genome expression analysis |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/17/10052 |
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