The Effect of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review
Alterations in body composition, in particular sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, are complications of liver cirrhosis associated with adverse outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of diet and/or exercise interventions on body composition (muscle or fat) in adults with cirrho...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3365 |
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| author | Heidi E. Johnston Tahnie G. Takefala Jaimon T. Kelly Shelley E. Keating Jeff S. Coombes Graeme A. Macdonald Ingrid J. Hickman Hannah L. Mayr |
| author_facet | Heidi E. Johnston Tahnie G. Takefala Jaimon T. Kelly Shelley E. Keating Jeff S. Coombes Graeme A. Macdonald Ingrid J. Hickman Hannah L. Mayr |
| author_sort | Heidi E. Johnston |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alterations in body composition, in particular sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, are complications of liver cirrhosis associated with adverse outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of diet and/or exercise interventions on body composition (muscle or fat) in adults with cirrhosis. Five databases were searched from inception to November 2021. Controlled trials of diet and/or exercise reporting at least one body composition measure were included. Single-arm interventions were included if guideline-recommended measures were used (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, or ultrasound). A total of 22 controlled trials and 5 single-arm interventions were included. Study quality varied (moderate to high risk of bias), mainly due to lack of blinding. Generally, sample sizes were small (<i>n</i> = 6–120). Only one study targeted weight loss in an overweight population. When guideline-recommended measures of body composition were used, the largest improvements occurred with combined diet and exercise interventions. These mostly employed high protein diets with aerobic and or resistance exercises for at least 8 weeks. Benefits were also observed with supplementary branched-chain amino acids. While body composition in cirrhosis may improve with diet and exercise prescription, suitably powered RCTs of combined interventions, targeting overweight/obese populations, and using guideline-recommended body composition measures are needed to clarify if sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity is modifiable in patients with cirrhosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:00:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6627ce03dd704d35a3f8e9b301611fa8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:00:25Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-6627ce03dd704d35a3f8e9b301611fa82023-12-03T14:14:32ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-08-011416336510.3390/nu14163365The Effect of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic ReviewHeidi E. Johnston0Tahnie G. Takefala1Jaimon T. Kelly2Shelley E. Keating3Jeff S. Coombes4Graeme A. Macdonald5Ingrid J. Hickman6Hannah L. Mayr7Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, AustraliaDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, AustraliaCentre for Online Health, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaSchool of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaFaculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, AustraliaDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, AustraliaDepartment of Nutrition and Dietetics, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, AustraliaAlterations in body composition, in particular sarcopenia and sarcopenic obesity, are complications of liver cirrhosis associated with adverse outcomes. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of diet and/or exercise interventions on body composition (muscle or fat) in adults with cirrhosis. Five databases were searched from inception to November 2021. Controlled trials of diet and/or exercise reporting at least one body composition measure were included. Single-arm interventions were included if guideline-recommended measures were used (computed tomography/magnetic resonance imaging, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, or ultrasound). A total of 22 controlled trials and 5 single-arm interventions were included. Study quality varied (moderate to high risk of bias), mainly due to lack of blinding. Generally, sample sizes were small (<i>n</i> = 6–120). Only one study targeted weight loss in an overweight population. When guideline-recommended measures of body composition were used, the largest improvements occurred with combined diet and exercise interventions. These mostly employed high protein diets with aerobic and or resistance exercises for at least 8 weeks. Benefits were also observed with supplementary branched-chain amino acids. While body composition in cirrhosis may improve with diet and exercise prescription, suitably powered RCTs of combined interventions, targeting overweight/obese populations, and using guideline-recommended body composition measures are needed to clarify if sarcopenia/sarcopenic obesity is modifiable in patients with cirrhosis.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3365liver cirrhosissarcopeniasarcopenic obesitynutritionexercisebody composition |
| spellingShingle | Heidi E. Johnston Tahnie G. Takefala Jaimon T. Kelly Shelley E. Keating Jeff S. Coombes Graeme A. Macdonald Ingrid J. Hickman Hannah L. Mayr The Effect of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review Nutrients liver cirrhosis sarcopenia sarcopenic obesity nutrition exercise body composition |
| title | The Effect of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_full | The Effect of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | The Effect of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effect of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_short | The Effect of Diet and Exercise Interventions on Body Composition in Liver Cirrhosis: A Systematic Review |
| title_sort | effect of diet and exercise interventions on body composition in liver cirrhosis a systematic review |
| topic | liver cirrhosis sarcopenia sarcopenic obesity nutrition exercise body composition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/16/3365 |
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