Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania
Ritah F Mutagonda,1,2 George Bwire,3 Raphael Zozimus Sangeda,2,3 Manase Kilonzi,1 Hamu Mlyuka,1 Joyce Ndunguru,2,4 Agnes Jonathan,2,4 Julie Makani,2,4 Irene Kida Minja,2,5 Paschal Ruggajo,2,6 Emmanuel Balandya,2,7 Appolinary AR Kamuhabwa1 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Dove Medical Press
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Infection and Drug Resistance |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.dovepress.com/nasopharyngeal-carriage-and-antibiogram-of-pneumococcal-and-other-bact-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
| _version_ | 1811339182699708416 |
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| author | Mutagonda RF Bwire G Sangeda RZ Kilonzi M Mlyuka H Ndunguru J Jonathan A Makani J Minja IK Ruggajo P Balandya E Kamuhabwa AAR |
| author_facet | Mutagonda RF Bwire G Sangeda RZ Kilonzi M Mlyuka H Ndunguru J Jonathan A Makani J Minja IK Ruggajo P Balandya E Kamuhabwa AAR |
| author_sort | Mutagonda RF |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ritah F Mutagonda,1,2 George Bwire,3 Raphael Zozimus Sangeda,2,3 Manase Kilonzi,1 Hamu Mlyuka,1 Joyce Ndunguru,2,4 Agnes Jonathan,2,4 Julie Makani,2,4 Irene Kida Minja,2,5 Paschal Ruggajo,2,6 Emmanuel Balandya,2,7 Appolinary AR Kamuhabwa1 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 2Sickle Cell Programme, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 4Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 5Department of Restorative Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 7Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, TanzaniaCorrespondence: Ritah F Mutagonda, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O BOX 65013, Dar es salaam, Tanzania, Tel +255 713 816481, Email mutagonda@muhas.ac.tz; rittdavisrida@yahoo.comBackground: Bacterial infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, particularly children under five years of age. In Tanzania, prophylaxis against pneumococcal infection among children with SCD advocates the use of both oral penicillin V (PV) and pneumococcal vaccines (PNV). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiogram of Streptococcal pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in children with SCD in Tanzania.Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken at the two Sickle Pan-African Research Consortium (SPARCO) study sites in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The study was conducted for six months and enrolled children with SCD between the ages of 6 to 59-months. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect patient data. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from all participants and cultured for Streptococcal pneumoniae and other bacterial isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the isolates were done using the disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 204 participants, the overall prevalence of bacterial carriage was 53.4%, with S. aureus (23.5%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (23%) and S. pneumoniae (7.8%) being commonly isolated. In antibiotic susceptibility testing, S. aureus isolates were most resistant to penicillin (81.8%), whereas 81.3% of S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole. The least antimicrobial resistance was observed for chloramphenicol for both S. aureus and S. pneumoniae isolates (6.3% versus 0%). The proportion of multi-drug resistance (MDR) was 66.7% for S. aureus isolates and 25% for S. pneumoniae isolates.Conclusion: There are substantially high nasopharyngeal carriage pathogenic bacteria in children with SCD in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The presence of MDR strains to the commonly used antibiotics suggests the need to reconsider optimizing antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with SCD and advocacy on pneumococcal vaccines.Keywords: pneumococcal carriage, bacterial pathogens, pneumococcal prophylaxis, antimicrobial resistance |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:22:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-662d020233ec4ef5853c260c4f5bee1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1178-6973 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T18:22:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Dove Medical Press |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Infection and Drug Resistance |
| spelling | doaj.art-662d020233ec4ef5853c260c4f5bee1d2022-12-22T02:35:24ZengDove Medical PressInfection and Drug Resistance1178-69732022-08-01Volume 154407441877279Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in TanzaniaMutagonda RFBwire GSangeda RZKilonzi MMlyuka HNdunguru JJonathan AMakani JMinja IKRuggajo PBalandya EKamuhabwa AARRitah F Mutagonda,1,2 George Bwire,3 Raphael Zozimus Sangeda,2,3 Manase Kilonzi,1 Hamu Mlyuka,1 Joyce Ndunguru,2,4 Agnes Jonathan,2,4 Julie Makani,2,4 Irene Kida Minja,2,5 Paschal Ruggajo,2,6 Emmanuel Balandya,2,7 Appolinary AR Kamuhabwa1 1Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 2Sickle Cell Programme, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 3Department of Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 4Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 5Department of Restorative Dentistry, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 6Department of Internal Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, Tanzania; 7Department of Physiology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es salaam, TanzaniaCorrespondence: Ritah F Mutagonda, Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, P.O BOX 65013, Dar es salaam, Tanzania, Tel +255 713 816481, Email mutagonda@muhas.ac.tz; rittdavisrida@yahoo.comBackground: Bacterial infections contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality in sickle cell disease (SCD) patients, particularly children under five years of age. In Tanzania, prophylaxis against pneumococcal infection among children with SCD advocates the use of both oral penicillin V (PV) and pneumococcal vaccines (PNV). Therefore, this study aimed to investigate nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiogram of Streptococcal pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in children with SCD in Tanzania.Methods: This cross-sectional study was undertaken at the two Sickle Pan-African Research Consortium (SPARCO) study sites in Dar es salaam, Tanzania. The study was conducted for six months and enrolled children with SCD between the ages of 6 to 59-months. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect patient data. Nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from all participants and cultured for Streptococcal pneumoniae and other bacterial isolates. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests of the isolates were done using the disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 204 participants, the overall prevalence of bacterial carriage was 53.4%, with S. aureus (23.5%), coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) (23%) and S. pneumoniae (7.8%) being commonly isolated. In antibiotic susceptibility testing, S. aureus isolates were most resistant to penicillin (81.8%), whereas 81.3% of S. pneumoniae isolates were resistant to co-trimoxazole. The least antimicrobial resistance was observed for chloramphenicol for both S. aureus and S. pneumoniae isolates (6.3% versus 0%). The proportion of multi-drug resistance (MDR) was 66.7% for S. aureus isolates and 25% for S. pneumoniae isolates.Conclusion: There are substantially high nasopharyngeal carriage pathogenic bacteria in children with SCD in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. The presence of MDR strains to the commonly used antibiotics suggests the need to reconsider optimizing antimicrobial prophylaxis in children with SCD and advocacy on pneumococcal vaccines.Keywords: pneumococcal carriage, bacterial pathogens, pneumococcal prophylaxis, antimicrobial resistancehttps://www.dovepress.com/nasopharyngeal-carriage-and-antibiogram-of-pneumococcal-and-other-bact-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDRpneumococcal carriagebacterial pathogenspneumococcal prophylaxisantimicrobial resistance |
| spellingShingle | Mutagonda RF Bwire G Sangeda RZ Kilonzi M Mlyuka H Ndunguru J Jonathan A Makani J Minja IK Ruggajo P Balandya E Kamuhabwa AAR Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania Infection and Drug Resistance pneumococcal carriage bacterial pathogens pneumococcal prophylaxis antimicrobial resistance |
| title | Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania |
| title_full | Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania |
| title_fullStr | Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania |
| title_short | Nasopharyngeal Carriage and Antibiogram of Pneumococcal and Other Bacterial Pathogens from Children with Sickle Cell Disease in Tanzania |
| title_sort | nasopharyngeal carriage and antibiogram of pneumococcal and other bacterial pathogens from children with sickle cell disease in tanzania |
| topic | pneumococcal carriage bacterial pathogens pneumococcal prophylaxis antimicrobial resistance |
| url | https://www.dovepress.com/nasopharyngeal-carriage-and-antibiogram-of-pneumococcal-and-other-bact-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-IDR |
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