Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2
<i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> leaf extracts contain large amounts of bioactive compounds—mainly polyphenols, which possess many health benefits including anti-cancer properties. Here, we investigate the biological eff...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/11/1030 |
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| author | Magdalena Efenberger-Szmechtyk Adriana Nowak Agnieszka Nowak |
| author_facet | Magdalena Efenberger-Szmechtyk Adriana Nowak Agnieszka Nowak |
| author_sort | Magdalena Efenberger-Szmechtyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> leaf extracts contain large amounts of bioactive compounds—mainly polyphenols, which possess many health benefits including anti-cancer properties. Here, we investigate the biological effects of <i>A. melanocarpa, C. mas</i>, and <i>C. superba</i> leaf extracts on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. The antiproliferative activity of the extracts was measured using the MTT assay. The most cytotoxic extract was <i>C. mas</i> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.60%). The extracts caused morphological changes in the Caco-2 cells, including partial detachment of cells, necrotic cells, chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cell nuclei lysis, and nucleus fragmentation. The DNA damage in the Caco-2 cells after exposure to the leaf extracts was measured using the alkaline comet assay. The extracts increased DNA damage in a concentration dependent manner. However, at lower non-cyto- and non-genotoxic (IC<sub>0</sub>) concentrations the extracts induced DNA repair in Caco-2 cells after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, the results of these studies suggest that A<i>. melanocarpa, C. mas</i> and <i>C. superba</i> leaf extracts can show anticancer activity. However, further research is required on the mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by these extracts, with the application of more advanced and wide-ranging techniques including in vivo experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:25:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-662ee87dea8d4fda83c6aa8a1cbed5d1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:25:36Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj.art-662ee87dea8d4fda83c6aa8a1cbed5d12023-11-20T18:05:54ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212020-10-01911103010.3390/antiox9111030Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2Magdalena Efenberger-Szmechtyk0Adriana Nowak1Agnieszka Nowak2Institute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, PolandDepartment of Environmental Biotechnology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, PolandInstitute of Fermentation Technology and Microbiology, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-924 Lodz, Poland<i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> leaf extracts contain large amounts of bioactive compounds—mainly polyphenols, which possess many health benefits including anti-cancer properties. Here, we investigate the biological effects of <i>A. melanocarpa, C. mas</i>, and <i>C. superba</i> leaf extracts on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line Caco-2. The antiproliferative activity of the extracts was measured using the MTT assay. The most cytotoxic extract was <i>C. mas</i> (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.60%). The extracts caused morphological changes in the Caco-2 cells, including partial detachment of cells, necrotic cells, chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic vacuolization, cell nuclei lysis, and nucleus fragmentation. The DNA damage in the Caco-2 cells after exposure to the leaf extracts was measured using the alkaline comet assay. The extracts increased DNA damage in a concentration dependent manner. However, at lower non-cyto- and non-genotoxic (IC<sub>0</sub>) concentrations the extracts induced DNA repair in Caco-2 cells after exposure to hydrogen peroxide. In conclusion, the results of these studies suggest that A<i>. melanocarpa, C. mas</i> and <i>C. superba</i> leaf extracts can show anticancer activity. However, further research is required on the mechanisms of anti-cancer activity by these extracts, with the application of more advanced and wide-ranging techniques including in vivo experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/11/1030cytotoxicitygenotoxicityDNA repairCaco-2<i>Aronia melanocarpa</i><i>Chaenomeles superba</i> |
| spellingShingle | Magdalena Efenberger-Szmechtyk Adriana Nowak Agnieszka Nowak Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2 Antioxidants cytotoxicity genotoxicity DNA repair Caco-2 <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> |
| title | Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2 |
| title_full | Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2 |
| title_fullStr | Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2 |
| title_short | Cytotoxic and DNA-Damaging Effects of <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i>, <i>Cornus mas</i>, and <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> Leaf Extracts on the Human Colon Adenocarcinoma Cell Line Caco-2 |
| title_sort | cytotoxic and dna damaging effects of i aronia melanocarpa i i cornus mas i and i chaenomeles superba i leaf extracts on the human colon adenocarcinoma cell line caco 2 |
| topic | cytotoxicity genotoxicity DNA repair Caco-2 <i>Aronia melanocarpa</i> <i>Chaenomeles superba</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/9/11/1030 |
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