Phase Retrieval for Radar Constant–Modulus Signal Design Based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm
Optimizing the energy spectrum density (ESD) of a transmitted waveform can improve radar performance. The design of a time–domain constant–modulus signal corresponding to the transmitted waveform ESD is practically important because constant–modulus signals can maximize transmission power and meet t...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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author | Fengming Xin Mingfeng Zhang Jing Li Chen Luo |
author_facet | Fengming Xin Mingfeng Zhang Jing Li Chen Luo |
author_sort | Fengming Xin |
collection | DOAJ |
description | Optimizing the energy spectrum density (ESD) of a transmitted waveform can improve radar performance. The design of a time–domain constant–modulus signal corresponding to the transmitted waveform ESD is practically important because constant–modulus signals can maximize transmission power and meet the hardware requirements of radar transmitters. Here, we present a time–domain signal design under dual constraints of energy and constant modulus. The mutual information (MI)–based waveform design method is used to design transmitted waveform ESD under the energy constraint. Then, the bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) is proposed to design the time–domain constant–modulus signal. We use minimum mean square error (MMSE) in the frequency domain as the cost function. The BFOA monotonously decreases the MMSE with increasing iterations, which makes the ESD of the time–domain constant–modulus signal close to the MI–based optimal waveform ESD. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm has advantages, including insensitivity to initial phases, rapid convergence, smaller MI loss, and MMSE compared with the iterative reconstruction algorithm. |
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format | Article |
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language | English |
last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:58:38Z |
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spelling | doaj.art-66386af42ffd4e20b9028d98e753cb342024-02-09T15:10:26ZengMDPI AGElectronics2079-92922024-01-0113350610.3390/electronics13030506Phase Retrieval for Radar Constant–Modulus Signal Design Based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization AlgorithmFengming Xin0Mingfeng Zhang1Jing Li2Chen Luo3Hebei Key Laboratory of Marine Perception Network and Data Processing, School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Marine Perception Network and Data Processing, School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Marine Perception Network and Data Processing, School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Marine Perception Network and Data Processing, School of Computer and Communication Engineering, Northeastern University at Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaOptimizing the energy spectrum density (ESD) of a transmitted waveform can improve radar performance. The design of a time–domain constant–modulus signal corresponding to the transmitted waveform ESD is practically important because constant–modulus signals can maximize transmission power and meet the hardware requirements of radar transmitters. Here, we present a time–domain signal design under dual constraints of energy and constant modulus. The mutual information (MI)–based waveform design method is used to design transmitted waveform ESD under the energy constraint. Then, the bacterial foraging optimization algorithm (BFOA) is proposed to design the time–domain constant–modulus signal. We use minimum mean square error (MMSE) in the frequency domain as the cost function. The BFOA monotonously decreases the MMSE with increasing iterations, which makes the ESD of the time–domain constant–modulus signal close to the MI–based optimal waveform ESD. The simulation results indicate that the proposed algorithm has advantages, including insensitivity to initial phases, rapid convergence, smaller MI loss, and MMSE compared with the iterative reconstruction algorithm.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/3/506radar waveform designconstant modulusbacterial foraging optimization algorithmphase retrievalMMSE |
spellingShingle | Fengming Xin Mingfeng Zhang Jing Li Chen Luo Phase Retrieval for Radar Constant–Modulus Signal Design Based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm Electronics radar waveform design constant modulus bacterial foraging optimization algorithm phase retrieval MMSE |
title | Phase Retrieval for Radar Constant–Modulus Signal Design Based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm |
title_full | Phase Retrieval for Radar Constant–Modulus Signal Design Based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm |
title_fullStr | Phase Retrieval for Radar Constant–Modulus Signal Design Based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm |
title_full_unstemmed | Phase Retrieval for Radar Constant–Modulus Signal Design Based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm |
title_short | Phase Retrieval for Radar Constant–Modulus Signal Design Based on the Bacterial Foraging Optimization Algorithm |
title_sort | phase retrieval for radar constant modulus signal design based on the bacterial foraging optimization algorithm |
topic | radar waveform design constant modulus bacterial foraging optimization algorithm phase retrieval MMSE |
url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-9292/13/3/506 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT fengmingxin phaseretrievalforradarconstantmodulussignaldesignbasedonthebacterialforagingoptimizationalgorithm AT mingfengzhang phaseretrievalforradarconstantmodulussignaldesignbasedonthebacterialforagingoptimizationalgorithm AT jingli phaseretrievalforradarconstantmodulussignaldesignbasedonthebacterialforagingoptimizationalgorithm AT chenluo phaseretrievalforradarconstantmodulussignaldesignbasedonthebacterialforagingoptimizationalgorithm |