Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris).
Eight traditional subspecies of tiger (Panthera tigris),of which three recently became extinct, are commonly recognized on the basis of geographic isolation and morphological characteristics. To investigate the species' evolutionary history and to establish objective methods for subspecies reco...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2004-12-01
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| Series: | PLoS Biology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442 |
| _version_ | 1818936418454470656 |
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| author | Shu-Jin Luo Jae-Heup Kim Warren E Johnson Joelle van der Walt Janice Martenson Naoya Yuhki Dale G Miquelle Olga Uphyrkina John M Goodrich Howard B Quigley Ronald Tilson Gerald Brady Paolo Martelli Vellayan Subramaniam Charles McDougal Sun Hean Shi-Qiang Huang Wenshi Pan Ullas K Karanth Melvin Sunquist James L D Smith Stephen J O'Brien |
| author_facet | Shu-Jin Luo Jae-Heup Kim Warren E Johnson Joelle van der Walt Janice Martenson Naoya Yuhki Dale G Miquelle Olga Uphyrkina John M Goodrich Howard B Quigley Ronald Tilson Gerald Brady Paolo Martelli Vellayan Subramaniam Charles McDougal Sun Hean Shi-Qiang Huang Wenshi Pan Ullas K Karanth Melvin Sunquist James L D Smith Stephen J O'Brien |
| author_sort | Shu-Jin Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Eight traditional subspecies of tiger (Panthera tigris),of which three recently became extinct, are commonly recognized on the basis of geographic isolation and morphological characteristics. To investigate the species' evolutionary history and to establish objective methods for subspecies recognition, voucher specimens of blood, skin, hair, and/or skin biopsies from 134 tigers with verified geographic origins or heritage across the whole distribution range were examined for three molecular markers: (1) 4.0 kb of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence; (2) allele variation in the nuclear major histocompatibility complex class II DRB gene; and (3) composite nuclear microsatellite genotypes based on 30 loci. Relatively low genetic variation with mtDNA,DRB,and microsatellite loci was found, but significant population subdivision was nonetheless apparent among five living subspecies. In addition, a distinct partition of the Indochinese subspecies P. t. corbetti in to northern Indochinese and Malayan Peninsula populations was discovered. Population genetic structure would suggest recognition of six taxonomic units or subspecies: (1) Amur tiger P. t. altaica; (2) northern Indochinese tiger P. t. corbetti; (3) South China tiger P. t. amoyensis; (4) Malayan tiger P. t. jacksoni, named for the tiger conservationist Peter Jackson; (5) Sumatran tiger P. t. sumatrae; and (6) Bengal tiger P. t. tigris. The proposed South China tiger lineage is tentative due to limited sampling. The age of the most recent common ancestor for tiger mtDNA was estimated to be 72,000-108,000 y, relatively younger than some other Panthera species. A combination of population expansions, reduced gene flow, and genetic drift following the last genetic diminution, and the recent anthropogenic range contraction, have led to the distinct genetic partitions. These results provide an explicit basis for subspecies recognition and will lead to the improved management and conservation of these recently isolated but distinct geographic populations of tigers. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:35:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-663f0fd96f7e402d85856bfba4fb724b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1544-9173 1545-7885 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:35:45Z |
| publishDate | 2004-12-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
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| series | PLoS Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-663f0fd96f7e402d85856bfba4fb724b2022-12-21T19:51:37ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS Biology1544-91731545-78852004-12-01212e44210.1371/journal.pbio.0020442Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris).Shu-Jin LuoJae-Heup KimWarren E JohnsonJoelle van der WaltJanice MartensonNaoya YuhkiDale G MiquelleOlga UphyrkinaJohn M GoodrichHoward B QuigleyRonald TilsonGerald BradyPaolo MartelliVellayan SubramaniamCharles McDougalSun HeanShi-Qiang HuangWenshi PanUllas K KaranthMelvin SunquistJames L D SmithStephen J O'BrienEight traditional subspecies of tiger (Panthera tigris),of which three recently became extinct, are commonly recognized on the basis of geographic isolation and morphological characteristics. To investigate the species' evolutionary history and to establish objective methods for subspecies recognition, voucher specimens of blood, skin, hair, and/or skin biopsies from 134 tigers with verified geographic origins or heritage across the whole distribution range were examined for three molecular markers: (1) 4.0 kb of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence; (2) allele variation in the nuclear major histocompatibility complex class II DRB gene; and (3) composite nuclear microsatellite genotypes based on 30 loci. Relatively low genetic variation with mtDNA,DRB,and microsatellite loci was found, but significant population subdivision was nonetheless apparent among five living subspecies. In addition, a distinct partition of the Indochinese subspecies P. t. corbetti in to northern Indochinese and Malayan Peninsula populations was discovered. Population genetic structure would suggest recognition of six taxonomic units or subspecies: (1) Amur tiger P. t. altaica; (2) northern Indochinese tiger P. t. corbetti; (3) South China tiger P. t. amoyensis; (4) Malayan tiger P. t. jacksoni, named for the tiger conservationist Peter Jackson; (5) Sumatran tiger P. t. sumatrae; and (6) Bengal tiger P. t. tigris. The proposed South China tiger lineage is tentative due to limited sampling. The age of the most recent common ancestor for tiger mtDNA was estimated to be 72,000-108,000 y, relatively younger than some other Panthera species. A combination of population expansions, reduced gene flow, and genetic drift following the last genetic diminution, and the recent anthropogenic range contraction, have led to the distinct genetic partitions. These results provide an explicit basis for subspecies recognition and will lead to the improved management and conservation of these recently isolated but distinct geographic populations of tigers.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442 |
| spellingShingle | Shu-Jin Luo Jae-Heup Kim Warren E Johnson Joelle van der Walt Janice Martenson Naoya Yuhki Dale G Miquelle Olga Uphyrkina John M Goodrich Howard B Quigley Ronald Tilson Gerald Brady Paolo Martelli Vellayan Subramaniam Charles McDougal Sun Hean Shi-Qiang Huang Wenshi Pan Ullas K Karanth Melvin Sunquist James L D Smith Stephen J O'Brien Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris). PLoS Biology |
| title | Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris). |
| title_full | Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris). |
| title_fullStr | Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris). |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris). |
| title_short | Phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers (Panthera tigris). |
| title_sort | phylogeography and genetic ancestry of tigers panthera tigris |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.0020442 |
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