Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Grains
Pea grains may partially replace soybean or rapeseed meals and cereals in ruminant diets, but substitution by unprocessed peas is limited by high ruminal protein solubility. The effect of combined ensiling and toasting of peas using a mobile toaster (100 kg/h throughput rate, 180 to 190 °C...
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MDPI AG
2019-07-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/7/401 |
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| author | Martin Bachmann Christian Kuhnitzsch Paul Okon Siriwan D. Martens Jörg M. Greef Olaf Steinhöfel Annette Zeyner |
| author_facet | Martin Bachmann Christian Kuhnitzsch Paul Okon Siriwan D. Martens Jörg M. Greef Olaf Steinhöfel Annette Zeyner |
| author_sort | Martin Bachmann |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pea grains may partially replace soybean or rapeseed meals and cereals in ruminant diets, but substitution by unprocessed peas is limited by high ruminal protein solubility. The effect of combined ensiling and toasting of peas using a mobile toaster (100 kg/h throughput rate, 180 to 190 °C supplied air temperature) on rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) was tested in vitro using the <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> protease test. The effects of ensiling plus toasting on apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), and proximate nutrients were examined in a digestion trial. Concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) were calculated. Native peas had 38 g RUP/kg dry matter (DM), which was 20% of crude protein (CP). Rumen-undegraded protein increased three-fold after ensiling plus toasting (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Acid detergent insoluble protein increased five-fold. Apparent digestibility was 0.94 (OM), 0.90 (CP), and above 0.99 (nitrogen-free extract, starch, and sugars) and was not altered by the treatment. The ME (13.9 MJ/kg DM) or the NEL (8.9 MJ/kg DM) concentration was similar in native and ensiled plus toasted peas. This technique can easily be applied on farms and may increase RUP. However, it needs to be clarified under which conditions pea protein will be damaged. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:12:27Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T23:12:27Z |
| publishDate | 2019-07-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-664724f91f3244638e2150cdf94001f32022-12-21T19:23:43ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152019-07-019740110.3390/ani9070401ani9070401Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) GrainsMartin Bachmann0Christian Kuhnitzsch1Paul Okon2Siriwan D. Martens3Jörg M. Greef4Olaf Steinhöfel5Annette Zeyner6Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 11, 06120 Halle (Saale), GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 11, 06120 Halle (Saale), GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 11, 06120 Halle (Saale), GermanySaxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology, Am Park 3, 04886 Köllitsch, GermanyInstitute for Crop and Soil Science, Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), Bundesallee 58, 38116 Braunschweig, GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 11, 06120 Halle (Saale), GermanyInstitute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Theodor-Lieser-Straße 11, 06120 Halle (Saale), GermanyPea grains may partially replace soybean or rapeseed meals and cereals in ruminant diets, but substitution by unprocessed peas is limited by high ruminal protein solubility. The effect of combined ensiling and toasting of peas using a mobile toaster (100 kg/h throughput rate, 180 to 190 °C supplied air temperature) on rumen-undegraded protein (RUP) was tested in vitro using the <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> protease test. The effects of ensiling plus toasting on apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM), gross energy (GE), and proximate nutrients were examined in a digestion trial. Concentrations of metabolizable energy (ME) and net energy lactation (NEL) were calculated. Native peas had 38 g RUP/kg dry matter (DM), which was 20% of crude protein (CP). Rumen-undegraded protein increased three-fold after ensiling plus toasting (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Acid detergent insoluble protein increased five-fold. Apparent digestibility was 0.94 (OM), 0.90 (CP), and above 0.99 (nitrogen-free extract, starch, and sugars) and was not altered by the treatment. The ME (13.9 MJ/kg DM) or the NEL (8.9 MJ/kg DM) concentration was similar in native and ensiled plus toasted peas. This technique can easily be applied on farms and may increase RUP. However, it needs to be clarified under which conditions pea protein will be damaged.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/7/401field peasensilinghydro-thermic treatmentnutrient digestibilityrumen-undegraded protein<i>Streptomyces griseus</i> protease test |
| spellingShingle | Martin Bachmann Christian Kuhnitzsch Paul Okon Siriwan D. Martens Jörg M. Greef Olaf Steinhöfel Annette Zeyner Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Grains Animals field peas ensiling hydro-thermic treatment nutrient digestibility rumen-undegraded protein <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> protease test |
| title | Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Grains |
| title_full | Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Grains |
| title_fullStr | Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Grains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Grains |
| title_short | Ruminal In Vitro Protein Degradation and Apparent Digestibility of Energy and Nutrients in Sheep Fed Native or Ensiled + Toasted Pea (<i>Pisum sativum</i>) Grains |
| title_sort | ruminal in vitro protein degradation and apparent digestibility of energy and nutrients in sheep fed native or ensiled toasted pea i pisum sativum i grains |
| topic | field peas ensiling hydro-thermic treatment nutrient digestibility rumen-undegraded protein <i>Streptomyces griseus</i> protease test |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/7/401 |
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