Vitamin D Supplementation Impacts Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Piglets Fed a Diet Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol and Challenged with Lipopolysaccharides
Using alternative feed ingredients in pig diets can lead to deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination. DON has been shown to induce anorexia, inflammation, and—more recently—alterations in the vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus metabolisms. Adding vitamin D supplementation in the form of vitamin D<sub&g...
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/6/394 |
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| author | Béatrice Sauvé Younes Chorfi Marie-Pierre Létourneau Montminy Frédéric Guay |
| author_facet | Béatrice Sauvé Younes Chorfi Marie-Pierre Létourneau Montminy Frédéric Guay |
| author_sort | Béatrice Sauvé |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Using alternative feed ingredients in pig diets can lead to deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination. DON has been shown to induce anorexia, inflammation, and—more recently—alterations in the vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus metabolisms. Adding vitamin D supplementation in the form of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> and 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub> to the feed could modify the effects of DON in piglets. In this study, vitamin D<sub>3</sub> or 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub> supplementation was used in a control or DON-contaminated treatment. A repetitive exposure over 21 days to DON in the piglets led to disruptions in the vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus metabolisms, resulting in a decreased growth performance, increased bone mineralization, and the downregulation of genes related to calcium and to phosphorus intestinal and renal absorption. The DON challenge also decreased blood concentrations of 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub>, 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>-D<sub>3</sub>, and phosphate. The DON contamination likely decreased the piglets’ vitamin D status indirectly by modifying the calcium metabolism response. Vitamin D supplementations did not restore vitamin D status or bone mineralization. After a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory stimulation, feeding a 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub> supplementation increased 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub> concentration and 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>-D<sub>3</sub> regulations during the DON challenge. DON contamination likely induced a Ca afflux by altering the intestinal barrier, which resulted in hypercalcemia and hypovitaminosis D. The vitamin D supplementation could increase the calcitriol production to face the combined LPS and DON challenge. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:52:04Z |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:52:04Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-6665c63ea9e24b6fb0ab547fcebaf83d2023-11-18T12:55:46ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-06-0115639410.3390/toxins15060394Vitamin D Supplementation Impacts Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Piglets Fed a Diet Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol and Challenged with LipopolysaccharidesBéatrice Sauvé0Younes Chorfi1Marie-Pierre Létourneau Montminy2Frédéric Guay3Department of Animal Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Veterinary Biomedicine, Montreal University, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC J2S 2M2, CanadaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaDepartment of Animal Sciences, Laval University, Quebec, QC G1V 0A6, CanadaUsing alternative feed ingredients in pig diets can lead to deoxynivalenol (DON) contamination. DON has been shown to induce anorexia, inflammation, and—more recently—alterations in the vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus metabolisms. Adding vitamin D supplementation in the form of vitamin D<sub>3</sub> and 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub> to the feed could modify the effects of DON in piglets. In this study, vitamin D<sub>3</sub> or 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub> supplementation was used in a control or DON-contaminated treatment. A repetitive exposure over 21 days to DON in the piglets led to disruptions in the vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus metabolisms, resulting in a decreased growth performance, increased bone mineralization, and the downregulation of genes related to calcium and to phosphorus intestinal and renal absorption. The DON challenge also decreased blood concentrations of 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub>, 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>-D<sub>3</sub>, and phosphate. The DON contamination likely decreased the piglets’ vitamin D status indirectly by modifying the calcium metabolism response. Vitamin D supplementations did not restore vitamin D status or bone mineralization. After a lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory stimulation, feeding a 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub> supplementation increased 25-OH-D<sub>3</sub> concentration and 1,25-(OH)<sub>2</sub>-D<sub>3</sub> regulations during the DON challenge. DON contamination likely induced a Ca afflux by altering the intestinal barrier, which resulted in hypercalcemia and hypovitaminosis D. The vitamin D supplementation could increase the calcitriol production to face the combined LPS and DON challenge.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/6/394pigletsdeoxynivalenolvitamin Dmineralizationcalciumphosphorus |
| spellingShingle | Béatrice Sauvé Younes Chorfi Marie-Pierre Létourneau Montminy Frédéric Guay Vitamin D Supplementation Impacts Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Piglets Fed a Diet Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol and Challenged with Lipopolysaccharides Toxins piglets deoxynivalenol vitamin D mineralization calcium phosphorus |
| title | Vitamin D Supplementation Impacts Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Piglets Fed a Diet Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol and Challenged with Lipopolysaccharides |
| title_full | Vitamin D Supplementation Impacts Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Piglets Fed a Diet Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol and Challenged with Lipopolysaccharides |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D Supplementation Impacts Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Piglets Fed a Diet Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol and Challenged with Lipopolysaccharides |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Supplementation Impacts Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Piglets Fed a Diet Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol and Challenged with Lipopolysaccharides |
| title_short | Vitamin D Supplementation Impacts Calcium and Phosphorus Metabolism in Piglets Fed a Diet Contaminated with Deoxynivalenol and Challenged with Lipopolysaccharides |
| title_sort | vitamin d supplementation impacts calcium and phosphorus metabolism in piglets fed a diet contaminated with deoxynivalenol and challenged with lipopolysaccharides |
| topic | piglets deoxynivalenol vitamin D mineralization calcium phosphorus |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/6/394 |
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