Impact of tramadol and morphine abuse on the activities of acetylcholine esterase, Na+/K+-ATPase and related parameters in cerebral cortices of male adult rats
Objective: To determine the effect of the most commonly abused drugs (tramadol and morphine), on acetylcholine esterase (AChE), Na+ /K+ -ATPase activities and related parameters, Na+ and K+ as biomarkers of neurotoxicity. Methods: Tramadol - as a weak µ opioid receptor agonist- and morphine - a...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Electronic Physician
2017-03-01
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| Series: | Electronic Physician |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5407239/ |
| Summary: | Objective: To determine the effect of the most commonly abused drugs (tramadol and morphine), on
acetylcholine esterase (AChE), Na+
/K+
-ATPase activities and related parameters, Na+ and K+ as biomarkers of
neurotoxicity.
Methods: Tramadol - as a weak µ opioid receptor agonist- and morphine - as opiate analgesic drugs, were chosen
for the present study. Four series of experimental animals were conducted for either tramadol or morphine:
control series; repeated single equal doses (therapeutic dose) series; cumulative increasing doses series and delay
(withdrawal) series (96 hours withdrawal period after last administration), at time period intervals 7, 14 and 21
days. Acetylcholine esterase (AChE), Na+
/K+
-ATPase activities and related parameters, Na+ and K+ were
measured in cerebral cortices of experimental rats.
Results: Acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity in the brain cerebral cortex increased after the administration of
therapeutic repeated doses of either tramadol (20 mg/kg b.w.) or morphine (4 mg/kg b.w.) in different groups.
The daily intraperitoneal injection of cumulative increasing dose levels of either tramadol 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg or
morphine 4, 8 and 12 mg/kg revealed a significant increase in the mean of acetylcholine esterase activities. The
withdrawal groups of either tramadol or morphine showed significant decreases in their levels. Na+
/K+ ATPase
activity in the brain cerebral cortex of either repeated therapeutic doses of tramadol (20 mg/kg) or morphine
repeated therapeutic doses (4 mg/kg) for 21 consecutive days at different intervals 7, 14 and 21 days, induced a
significant decrease in the levels of Na+
/K+
-ATPase in all groups. Withdrawal groups showed a significant
decrease in Na+
/K+
-ATPase level. Furthermore, the daily intraperitoneal injection of cumulative increasing dose
levels of either tramadol (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg b.w.) or morphine (4, 8 and12 mg/kg b.w.) induced significant
decreases in Na+
/K+
-ATPase levels in all studied groups. Regarding Na+ and K+
, concentrations of either repeated
therapeutic doses or cumulative increasing doses at different time intervals, showed different fluctuations in their
levels.
Conclusion: The recorded data suggest that both drugs exert potent effects on AChE and Na+
/K+
-ATPase
activities which could contribute to cerebral cortex malfunction including, memory deficits and the decline in
cognitive function observed in chronic users. |
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| ISSN: | 2008-5842 2008-5842 |