The Star Formation Efficiency during Reionization as Inferred from the Hubble Frontier Fields
A recent ultraviolet luminosity function (UVLF) analysis in the Hubble Frontier Fields, behind foreground lensing clusters, has helped solidify estimates of the faint-end of the z ∼ 5–9 UVLF at up to 5 mag fainter than in the field. These measurements provide valuable information regarding the role...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad06a7 |
| _version_ | 1827382897095475200 |
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| author | Jackson Sipple Adam Lidz |
| author_facet | Jackson Sipple Adam Lidz |
| author_sort | Jackson Sipple |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A recent ultraviolet luminosity function (UVLF) analysis in the Hubble Frontier Fields, behind foreground lensing clusters, has helped solidify estimates of the faint-end of the z ∼ 5–9 UVLF at up to 5 mag fainter than in the field. These measurements provide valuable information regarding the role of low-luminosity galaxies in reionizing the universe and can help in calibrating expectations for JWST observations. We fit a semiempirical model to the lensed and previous UVLF data from Hubble. This fit constrains the average star formation efficiency (SFE) during reionization, with the lensed UVLF measurements probing halo mass scales as small as M ∼ 2 × 10 ^9 M _⊙ . The implied trend of SFE with halo mass is broadly consistent with an extrapolation from previous inferences at M ≳ 10 ^10 M _⊙ , although the joint data prefer a shallower SFE. This preference, however, is partly subject to systematic uncertainties in the lensed measurements. Near z ∼ 6, we find that the SFE peaks at ∼20% between ∼10 ^11 and 10 ^12 M _⊙ . Our best-fit model is consistent with the Planck 2020 determinations of the electron scattering optical depth, and most current reionization history measurements, provided the escape fraction of ionizing photons is f _esc ∼ 10%–20%. The joint UVLF accounts for nearly 80% of the ionizing photon budget at z ∼ 8. Finally, we show that recent JWST UVLF estimates at z ≳ 11 require strong departures from the redshift evolution suggested by the Hubble data. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:29:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6671444570e849baa437742269ae79e4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:29:02Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-6671444570e849baa437742269ae79e42024-01-12T15:09:30ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572024-01-0196115010.3847/1538-4357/ad06a7The Star Formation Efficiency during Reionization as Inferred from the Hubble Frontier FieldsJackson Sipple0Adam Lidz1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3950-9598Center for Particle Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ; jsipple@sas.upenn.eduCenter for Particle Cosmology, Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania , Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA ; jsipple@sas.upenn.eduA recent ultraviolet luminosity function (UVLF) analysis in the Hubble Frontier Fields, behind foreground lensing clusters, has helped solidify estimates of the faint-end of the z ∼ 5–9 UVLF at up to 5 mag fainter than in the field. These measurements provide valuable information regarding the role of low-luminosity galaxies in reionizing the universe and can help in calibrating expectations for JWST observations. We fit a semiempirical model to the lensed and previous UVLF data from Hubble. This fit constrains the average star formation efficiency (SFE) during reionization, with the lensed UVLF measurements probing halo mass scales as small as M ∼ 2 × 10 ^9 M _⊙ . The implied trend of SFE with halo mass is broadly consistent with an extrapolation from previous inferences at M ≳ 10 ^10 M _⊙ , although the joint data prefer a shallower SFE. This preference, however, is partly subject to systematic uncertainties in the lensed measurements. Near z ∼ 6, we find that the SFE peaks at ∼20% between ∼10 ^11 and 10 ^12 M _⊙ . Our best-fit model is consistent with the Planck 2020 determinations of the electron scattering optical depth, and most current reionization history measurements, provided the escape fraction of ionizing photons is f _esc ∼ 10%–20%. The joint UVLF accounts for nearly 80% of the ionizing photon budget at z ∼ 8. Finally, we show that recent JWST UVLF estimates at z ≳ 11 require strong departures from the redshift evolution suggested by the Hubble data.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad06a7Luminosity functionStar formationReionizationHubble Space TelescopeGalaxy dark matter halosGravitational lensing |
| spellingShingle | Jackson Sipple Adam Lidz The Star Formation Efficiency during Reionization as Inferred from the Hubble Frontier Fields The Astrophysical Journal Luminosity function Star formation Reionization Hubble Space Telescope Galaxy dark matter halos Gravitational lensing |
| title | The Star Formation Efficiency during Reionization as Inferred from the Hubble Frontier Fields |
| title_full | The Star Formation Efficiency during Reionization as Inferred from the Hubble Frontier Fields |
| title_fullStr | The Star Formation Efficiency during Reionization as Inferred from the Hubble Frontier Fields |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Star Formation Efficiency during Reionization as Inferred from the Hubble Frontier Fields |
| title_short | The Star Formation Efficiency during Reionization as Inferred from the Hubble Frontier Fields |
| title_sort | star formation efficiency during reionization as inferred from the hubble frontier fields |
| topic | Luminosity function Star formation Reionization Hubble Space Telescope Galaxy dark matter halos Gravitational lensing |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad06a7 |
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