Role of Bile Acids in the Regulation of Food Intake, and Their Dysregulation in Metabolic Disease
Bile acids are cholesterol-derived metabolites with a well-established role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fat. More recently, the discovery of bile acids as natural ligands for the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and the recogn...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1104 |
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| author | Cong Xie Weikun Huang Richard L. Young Karen L. Jones Michael Horowitz Christopher K. Rayner Tongzhi Wu |
| author_facet | Cong Xie Weikun Huang Richard L. Young Karen L. Jones Michael Horowitz Christopher K. Rayner Tongzhi Wu |
| author_sort | Cong Xie |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bile acids are cholesterol-derived metabolites with a well-established role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fat. More recently, the discovery of bile acids as natural ligands for the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and the recognition of the effects of FXR and TGR5 signaling have led to a paradigm shift in knowledge regarding bile acid physiology and metabolic health. Bile acids are now recognized as signaling molecules that orchestrate blood glucose, lipid and energy metabolism. Changes in FXR and/or TGR5 signaling modulates the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, energy expenditure, and the composition of the gut microbiome. These effects may contribute to the metabolic benefits of bile acid sequestrants, metformin, and bariatric surgery. This review focuses on the role of bile acids in energy intake and body weight, particularly their effects on gastrointestinal hormone secretion, the changes in obesity and T2D, and their potential relevance to the management of metabolic disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:50:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6673168890774d9fadc5ee47569885d5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T12:50:19Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-6673168890774d9fadc5ee47569885d52023-11-21T13:08:00ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432021-03-01134110410.3390/nu13041104Role of Bile Acids in the Regulation of Food Intake, and Their Dysregulation in Metabolic DiseaseCong Xie0Weikun Huang1Richard L. Young2Karen L. Jones3Michael Horowitz4Christopher K. Rayner5Tongzhi Wu6Adelaide Medical School, Center of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, Center of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, Center of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, Center of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, Center of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, Center of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaAdelaide Medical School, Center of Research Excellence (CRE) in Translating Nutritional Science to Good Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5005, AustraliaBile acids are cholesterol-derived metabolites with a well-established role in the digestion and absorption of dietary fat. More recently, the discovery of bile acids as natural ligands for the nuclear farnesoid X receptor (FXR) and membrane Takeda G-protein-coupled receptor 5 (TGR5), and the recognition of the effects of FXR and TGR5 signaling have led to a paradigm shift in knowledge regarding bile acid physiology and metabolic health. Bile acids are now recognized as signaling molecules that orchestrate blood glucose, lipid and energy metabolism. Changes in FXR and/or TGR5 signaling modulates the secretion of gastrointestinal hormones including glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), hepatic gluconeogenesis, glycogen synthesis, energy expenditure, and the composition of the gut microbiome. These effects may contribute to the metabolic benefits of bile acid sequestrants, metformin, and bariatric surgery. This review focuses on the role of bile acids in energy intake and body weight, particularly their effects on gastrointestinal hormone secretion, the changes in obesity and T2D, and their potential relevance to the management of metabolic disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1104bile acidsTGR-5FXRgastrointestinal hormonesenergy intakebody weight |
| spellingShingle | Cong Xie Weikun Huang Richard L. Young Karen L. Jones Michael Horowitz Christopher K. Rayner Tongzhi Wu Role of Bile Acids in the Regulation of Food Intake, and Their Dysregulation in Metabolic Disease Nutrients bile acids TGR-5 FXR gastrointestinal hormones energy intake body weight |
| title | Role of Bile Acids in the Regulation of Food Intake, and Their Dysregulation in Metabolic Disease |
| title_full | Role of Bile Acids in the Regulation of Food Intake, and Their Dysregulation in Metabolic Disease |
| title_fullStr | Role of Bile Acids in the Regulation of Food Intake, and Their Dysregulation in Metabolic Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Bile Acids in the Regulation of Food Intake, and Their Dysregulation in Metabolic Disease |
| title_short | Role of Bile Acids in the Regulation of Food Intake, and Their Dysregulation in Metabolic Disease |
| title_sort | role of bile acids in the regulation of food intake and their dysregulation in metabolic disease |
| topic | bile acids TGR-5 FXR gastrointestinal hormones energy intake body weight |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/13/4/1104 |
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