Effects of Invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. and Subsequent Ecological Replacement by <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stock
<i>Background and Objectives:</i> The rapid spread of invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. in the mangrove ecosystems of China was reduced using <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. as an ecological replacement. Here, we studied the effects of invasion an...
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MDPI AG
2019-02-01
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| Series: | Forests |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/2/171 |
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| author | Jianxiang Feng Shugong Wang Shujuan Wang Rui Ying Fangmin Yin Li Jiang Zufu Li |
| author_facet | Jianxiang Feng Shugong Wang Shujuan Wang Rui Ying Fangmin Yin Li Jiang Zufu Li |
| author_sort | Jianxiang Feng |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Background and Objectives:</i> The rapid spread of invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. in the mangrove ecosystems of China was reduced using <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. as an ecological replacement. Here, we studied the effects of invasion and ecological replacement using <i>S. apetala</i> on soil organic carbon fractions and stock on Qi’ao Island. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Seven sites, including unvegetated mudflat and <i>S. alterniflora</i>, rehabilitated mangroves with different ages (one, six, and 10 years) and mature native <i>Kandelia obovata</i> Sheue, Liu, and Yong areas were selected in this study. Samples in the top 50 cm of soil were collected and then different fractions of organic carbon, including the total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), soil water dissolved carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and the total carbon stock were measured and calculated. <i>Results:</i> The growth of <i>S. alterniflora</i> and mangroves significantly increased the soil TOC, POC, and MBC levels when compared to the mudflat. <i>S. alterniflora</i> had the highest soil DOC contents at 0⁻10 cm and 20⁻30 cm and the one-year restored mangroves had the highest MBC content. <i>S. alterniflora</i> and mangroves both had higher soil total carbon pools than the mudflat. <i>Conclusions:</i> The invasive <i>S. alterniflora</i> and young <i>S. apetala</i> forests had significantly lower soil TOC and POC contents and total organic carbon than the mature <i>K. obovata</i> on Qi’ao Island. These results indicate that ecological replacement methods can enhance long term carbon storage in <i>Spartina</i>-invaded ecosystems and native mangrove species are recommended. |
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| issn | 1999-4907 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T22:52:40Z |
| publishDate | 2019-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Forests |
| spelling | doaj.art-6677ee8fb7014529a828802f73fd59362022-12-22T03:58:32ZengMDPI AGForests1999-49072019-02-0110217110.3390/f10020171f10020171Effects of Invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. and Subsequent Ecological Replacement by <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and StockJianxiang Feng0Shugong Wang1Shujuan Wang2Rui Ying3Fangmin Yin4Li Jiang5Zufu Li6School of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Exploration, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources Exploration, School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, ChinaSchool of Life Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China<i>Background and Objectives:</i> The rapid spread of invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. in the mangrove ecosystems of China was reduced using <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. as an ecological replacement. Here, we studied the effects of invasion and ecological replacement using <i>S. apetala</i> on soil organic carbon fractions and stock on Qi’ao Island. <i>Materials and Methods:</i> Seven sites, including unvegetated mudflat and <i>S. alterniflora</i>, rehabilitated mangroves with different ages (one, six, and 10 years) and mature native <i>Kandelia obovata</i> Sheue, Liu, and Yong areas were selected in this study. Samples in the top 50 cm of soil were collected and then different fractions of organic carbon, including the total organic carbon (TOC), particulate organic carbon (POC), soil water dissolved carbon (DOC) and microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and the total carbon stock were measured and calculated. <i>Results:</i> The growth of <i>S. alterniflora</i> and mangroves significantly increased the soil TOC, POC, and MBC levels when compared to the mudflat. <i>S. alterniflora</i> had the highest soil DOC contents at 0⁻10 cm and 20⁻30 cm and the one-year restored mangroves had the highest MBC content. <i>S. alterniflora</i> and mangroves both had higher soil total carbon pools than the mudflat. <i>Conclusions:</i> The invasive <i>S. alterniflora</i> and young <i>S. apetala</i> forests had significantly lower soil TOC and POC contents and total organic carbon than the mature <i>K. obovata</i> on Qi’ao Island. These results indicate that ecological replacement methods can enhance long term carbon storage in <i>Spartina</i>-invaded ecosystems and native mangrove species are recommended.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/2/171biological invasionbiological replacementmangrovesoil organic carbonsoil microbial biomass carbonsoil water dissolved carbon |
| spellingShingle | Jianxiang Feng Shugong Wang Shujuan Wang Rui Ying Fangmin Yin Li Jiang Zufu Li Effects of Invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. and Subsequent Ecological Replacement by <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stock Forests biological invasion biological replacement mangrove soil organic carbon soil microbial biomass carbon soil water dissolved carbon |
| title | Effects of Invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. and Subsequent Ecological Replacement by <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stock |
| title_full | Effects of Invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. and Subsequent Ecological Replacement by <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stock |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. and Subsequent Ecological Replacement by <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stock |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. and Subsequent Ecological Replacement by <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stock |
| title_short | Effects of Invasive <i>Spartina alterniflora</i> Loisel. and Subsequent Ecological Replacement by <i>Sonneratia apetala</i> Buch.-Ham. on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Stock |
| title_sort | effects of invasive i spartina alterniflora i loisel and subsequent ecological replacement by i sonneratia apetala i buch ham on soil organic carbon fractions and stock |
| topic | biological invasion biological replacement mangrove soil organic carbon soil microbial biomass carbon soil water dissolved carbon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4907/10/2/171 |
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