Effect of fluoride on major organs with the different time of exposure in rats
Abstract Background High fluoride levels in drinking water in relation to the prevalence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka were investigated using rats as an experimental model. Method The effects of fluoride after oral administration of Sodium fluoride (NaF) at level...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Komiyama Printing Co. Ltd
2018-05-01
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| Series: | Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12199-018-0707-2 |
| _version_ | 1818180166357090304 |
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| author | Thanusha Perera Shirani Ranasinghe Neil Alles Roshitha Waduge |
| author_facet | Thanusha Perera Shirani Ranasinghe Neil Alles Roshitha Waduge |
| author_sort | Thanusha Perera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background High fluoride levels in drinking water in relation to the prevalence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka were investigated using rats as an experimental model. Method The effects of fluoride after oral administration of Sodium fluoride (NaF) at levels of 0, 0.5, 5 and 20 ppm F− were evaluated in adult male Wistar rats. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 9), namely, control, test I, II, and III. Control group was given daily 1 ml/rat of distilled water and test groups I, II, and III were treated 1 ml/rat of NaF doses of 0.5, 5, and 20 ppm, respectively, by using a stomach tube. Three rats from the control group and each experimental group were sacrificed after 15, 30, and 60 days following treatment. Serological and histopathological investigations were carried out using blood, kidney, and liver. Results No significant differences were observed in body weight gain and relative organ weights of the liver and kidney in fluoride-treated groups compared to control group. After 60 days of fluoride administration, group I showed a mild portal inflammation with lytic necrosis while multiple areas of focal necrosis and various degrees of portal inflammation were observed in groups II and III. This was further confirmed by increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. As compared with control and other treated groups, group III showed a significantly higher serum AST activity (p < 0.05) and ALT activity (p < 0.05) after 60 days and ALP activity with a significant difference (p < 0.05) after 15, 30, and 60 days. The renal histological analysis showed normal histological features in all groups with the elevated serum creatinine levels in group III compared to those in the groups I and II (p < 0.05) after 60 days. Significantly elevated serum fluoride levels were observed in group II of 30 and 60 days and group III after 15, 30, and 60 days with respective to control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Taken together, these findings indicate that there can be some alterations in liver enzyme activities at early stages of fluoride intoxication followed by renal damage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:15:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-66811fe4b4c1416e8c7ba6fd422714bd |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1342-078X 1347-4715 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T21:15:27Z |
| publishDate | 2018-05-01 |
| publisher | Komiyama Printing Co. Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-66811fe4b4c1416e8c7ba6fd422714bd2022-12-22T00:50:36ZengKomiyama Printing Co. LtdEnvironmental Health and Preventive Medicine1342-078X1347-47152018-05-012311910.1186/s12199-018-0707-2Effect of fluoride on major organs with the different time of exposure in ratsThanusha Perera0Shirani Ranasinghe1Neil Alles2Roshitha Waduge3Postgraduate Institute of Science, University of PeradeniyaPostgraduate Institute of Science, University of PeradeniyaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of PeradeniyaDepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of PeradeniyaAbstract Background High fluoride levels in drinking water in relation to the prevalence of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) in Sri Lanka were investigated using rats as an experimental model. Method The effects of fluoride after oral administration of Sodium fluoride (NaF) at levels of 0, 0.5, 5 and 20 ppm F− were evaluated in adult male Wistar rats. Thirty-six rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 9), namely, control, test I, II, and III. Control group was given daily 1 ml/rat of distilled water and test groups I, II, and III were treated 1 ml/rat of NaF doses of 0.5, 5, and 20 ppm, respectively, by using a stomach tube. Three rats from the control group and each experimental group were sacrificed after 15, 30, and 60 days following treatment. Serological and histopathological investigations were carried out using blood, kidney, and liver. Results No significant differences were observed in body weight gain and relative organ weights of the liver and kidney in fluoride-treated groups compared to control group. After 60 days of fluoride administration, group I showed a mild portal inflammation with lytic necrosis while multiple areas of focal necrosis and various degrees of portal inflammation were observed in groups II and III. This was further confirmed by increased serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activities. As compared with control and other treated groups, group III showed a significantly higher serum AST activity (p < 0.05) and ALT activity (p < 0.05) after 60 days and ALP activity with a significant difference (p < 0.05) after 15, 30, and 60 days. The renal histological analysis showed normal histological features in all groups with the elevated serum creatinine levels in group III compared to those in the groups I and II (p < 0.05) after 60 days. Significantly elevated serum fluoride levels were observed in group II of 30 and 60 days and group III after 15, 30, and 60 days with respective to control groups (p < 0.05). Conclusion Taken together, these findings indicate that there can be some alterations in liver enzyme activities at early stages of fluoride intoxication followed by renal damage.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12199-018-0707-2Drinking waterFluoride toxicityChronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu)Sri Lanka |
| spellingShingle | Thanusha Perera Shirani Ranasinghe Neil Alles Roshitha Waduge Effect of fluoride on major organs with the different time of exposure in rats Environmental Health and Preventive Medicine Drinking water Fluoride toxicity Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) Sri Lanka |
| title | Effect of fluoride on major organs with the different time of exposure in rats |
| title_full | Effect of fluoride on major organs with the different time of exposure in rats |
| title_fullStr | Effect of fluoride on major organs with the different time of exposure in rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of fluoride on major organs with the different time of exposure in rats |
| title_short | Effect of fluoride on major organs with the different time of exposure in rats |
| title_sort | effect of fluoride on major organs with the different time of exposure in rats |
| topic | Drinking water Fluoride toxicity Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu) Sri Lanka |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12199-018-0707-2 |
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