Chemical Modification of Cellulose Using a Green Route by Reactive Extrusion with Citric and Succinic Acids
Cellulose is a natural, unbranched, and fibrous homopolymer that is a major component in several agroindustrial residues. The aim of this study was to extract cellulose from oat hulls and then to modify it using a green route to obtain esterified cellulose through reaction with organic acids employi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Polysaccharides |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4176/3/1/17 |
| _version_ | 1797443078363021312 |
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| author | Jéssica Fernanda Pereira Beatriz Marjorie Marim Suzana Mali |
| author_facet | Jéssica Fernanda Pereira Beatriz Marjorie Marim Suzana Mali |
| author_sort | Jéssica Fernanda Pereira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cellulose is a natural, unbranched, and fibrous homopolymer that is a major component in several agroindustrial residues. The aim of this study was to extract cellulose from oat hulls and then to modify it using a green route to obtain esterified cellulose through reaction with organic acids employing the reactive extrusion process, which is a process that presents some advantages, including low effluent generation, short reaction times, and it is scalable for large scale use. Citric (CA) and succinic (SA) acids were employed as esterifying agents in different concentrations (0, 5, 12.5, and 20%). Modified cellulose samples were characterized by their degree of substitution (DS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wettability, oil and water absorption capacities, and thermal stability. DS of modified samples ranged from 2.28 to 3.00, and FTIR results showed that the esterification occurred in all samples for both acids by observation of important bands at 1720 and 1737 cm<sup>−1</sup> for samples modified with CA and SA, respectively. All modified samples presented increased hydrophobicity. The modification did not have an influence on the morphological structure or crystallinity pattern of all samples. This study proved to be possible to modify cellulose using a simple and ecofriendly process based on reactive extrusion with organic acids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:51:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-669091173c3b4bffa91ff2ac5b044e28 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-4176 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:51:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polysaccharides |
| spelling | doaj.art-669091173c3b4bffa91ff2ac5b044e282023-11-30T22:05:14ZengMDPI AGPolysaccharides2673-41762022-03-013129230510.3390/polysaccharides3010017Chemical Modification of Cellulose Using a Green Route by Reactive Extrusion with Citric and Succinic AcidsJéssica Fernanda Pereira0Beatriz Marjorie Marim1Suzana Mali2Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, BrazilDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, BrazilDepartment of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, State University of Londrina—UEL, Londrina 86057-970, PR, BrazilCellulose is a natural, unbranched, and fibrous homopolymer that is a major component in several agroindustrial residues. The aim of this study was to extract cellulose from oat hulls and then to modify it using a green route to obtain esterified cellulose through reaction with organic acids employing the reactive extrusion process, which is a process that presents some advantages, including low effluent generation, short reaction times, and it is scalable for large scale use. Citric (CA) and succinic (SA) acids were employed as esterifying agents in different concentrations (0, 5, 12.5, and 20%). Modified cellulose samples were characterized by their degree of substitution (DS), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (DRX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), wettability, oil and water absorption capacities, and thermal stability. DS of modified samples ranged from 2.28 to 3.00, and FTIR results showed that the esterification occurred in all samples for both acids by observation of important bands at 1720 and 1737 cm<sup>−1</sup> for samples modified with CA and SA, respectively. All modified samples presented increased hydrophobicity. The modification did not have an influence on the morphological structure or crystallinity pattern of all samples. This study proved to be possible to modify cellulose using a simple and ecofriendly process based on reactive extrusion with organic acids.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4176/3/1/17reactive extrusionesterificationlignocellulosic residuesoat hull |
| spellingShingle | Jéssica Fernanda Pereira Beatriz Marjorie Marim Suzana Mali Chemical Modification of Cellulose Using a Green Route by Reactive Extrusion with Citric and Succinic Acids Polysaccharides reactive extrusion esterification lignocellulosic residues oat hull |
| title | Chemical Modification of Cellulose Using a Green Route by Reactive Extrusion with Citric and Succinic Acids |
| title_full | Chemical Modification of Cellulose Using a Green Route by Reactive Extrusion with Citric and Succinic Acids |
| title_fullStr | Chemical Modification of Cellulose Using a Green Route by Reactive Extrusion with Citric and Succinic Acids |
| title_full_unstemmed | Chemical Modification of Cellulose Using a Green Route by Reactive Extrusion with Citric and Succinic Acids |
| title_short | Chemical Modification of Cellulose Using a Green Route by Reactive Extrusion with Citric and Succinic Acids |
| title_sort | chemical modification of cellulose using a green route by reactive extrusion with citric and succinic acids |
| topic | reactive extrusion esterification lignocellulosic residues oat hull |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4176/3/1/17 |
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