Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults
Background: Excessive gaming has become a psychological health issue for both gamers and their social environments. This observation holds true for western but also non-western countries such as Iran. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate a Persian version of the Game Addiction...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649276/full |
| _version_ | 1819081745509646336 |
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| author | Nasrin Abdoli Vahid Farnia Mostafa Alikhani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Kenneth M. Dürsteler Maryam Esmaeili Annette Brühl Serge Brand Serge Brand Serge Brand Serge Brand Serge Brand |
| author_facet | Nasrin Abdoli Vahid Farnia Mostafa Alikhani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Kenneth M. Dürsteler Maryam Esmaeili Annette Brühl Serge Brand Serge Brand Serge Brand Serge Brand Serge Brand |
| author_sort | Nasrin Abdoli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Excessive gaming has become a psychological health issue for both gamers and their social environments. This observation holds true for western but also non-western countries such as Iran. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate a Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale 21 (GAS 21) using a sample of adolescents and adults.Methods: A total of 412 participants (mean age: 22.16 years; 55.3% females) took part in the study. They completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and gaming-related information, as well as the Persian version of the GAS 21, the GAS 7, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale.Results: Of the initial 21 items of the Persian version of the GAS 21, five proved redundant and were eliminated. Factors analyses yielded four factors explaining 66.35% of the variance: 1. Withdrawal; 2. Feelings of guilt and addiction; 3. Mood modification; 4. Issues of time budget. Cronbach's alphas were satisfactory (alphas > 0.87). To validate the results, scores on the translated version were compared with the well-established Young Internet Addiction test. Factors correlated positively (rs between 0.21 and 0.31) with overall score on this latter test but, against expectations, positively with the generalized self-efficacy scale.Conclusions: A Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale-21 proved to be a useful tool for assessing the risk of game addiction behavior. Further, the solution with 16 items loading on four factors appears respond to the ecological need of parsimony. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:05:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-6692e143b761496d9bf132349ff53598 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-21T20:05:40Z |
| publishDate | 2021-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-6692e143b761496d9bf132349ff535982022-12-21T18:51:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402021-05-011210.3389/fpsyt.2021.649276649276Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young AdultsNasrin Abdoli0Vahid Farnia1Mostafa Alikhani2Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani3Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani4Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani5Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani6Kenneth M. Dürsteler7Maryam Esmaeili8Annette Brühl9Serge Brand10Serge Brand11Serge Brand12Serge Brand13Serge Brand14Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranSleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranCenter for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders Zentrum fär Affektive-, Stress- und Schlafstörungen (ZASS), University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), Basel, SwitzerlandDepartments of Physical Therapy, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United StatesDivision of Substance Use Disorders Basel, University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics, Basel, SwitzerlandDepartment of Psychology, Faculty of Education, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranCenter for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders Zentrum fär Affektive-, Stress- und Schlafstörungen (ZASS), University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), Basel, SwitzerlandSubstance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranSleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, IranCenter for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders Zentrum fär Affektive-, Stress- und Schlafstörungen (ZASS), University of Basel, Psychiatric Clinics Universitäre Psychiatrische Kliniken (UPK), Basel, SwitzerlandDivision of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise, and Health, University of Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandSchool of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, IranBackground: Excessive gaming has become a psychological health issue for both gamers and their social environments. This observation holds true for western but also non-western countries such as Iran. The aim of the present study was to translate and validate a Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale 21 (GAS 21) using a sample of adolescents and adults.Methods: A total of 412 participants (mean age: 22.16 years; 55.3% females) took part in the study. They completed questionnaires covering sociodemographic information and gaming-related information, as well as the Persian version of the GAS 21, the GAS 7, the Internet Addiction Test, and the Generalized Self-Efficacy Scale.Results: Of the initial 21 items of the Persian version of the GAS 21, five proved redundant and were eliminated. Factors analyses yielded four factors explaining 66.35% of the variance: 1. Withdrawal; 2. Feelings of guilt and addiction; 3. Mood modification; 4. Issues of time budget. Cronbach's alphas were satisfactory (alphas > 0.87). To validate the results, scores on the translated version were compared with the well-established Young Internet Addiction test. Factors correlated positively (rs between 0.21 and 0.31) with overall score on this latter test but, against expectations, positively with the generalized self-efficacy scale.Conclusions: A Persian version of the Game Addiction Scale-21 proved to be a useful tool for assessing the risk of game addiction behavior. Further, the solution with 16 items loading on four factors appears respond to the ecological need of parsimony.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649276/fullgamingvalidationgame addictionadolesentsadultsPersian |
| spellingShingle | Nasrin Abdoli Vahid Farnia Mostafa Alikhani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Dena Sadeghi-Bahmani Kenneth M. Dürsteler Maryam Esmaeili Annette Brühl Serge Brand Serge Brand Serge Brand Serge Brand Serge Brand Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults Frontiers in Psychiatry gaming validation game addiction adolesents adults Persian |
| title | Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_full | Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_fullStr | Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_full_unstemmed | Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_short | Validation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the 21-Item Game Addiction Scale With a Sample of Adolescents and Young Adults |
| title_sort | validation and psychometric properties of the persian version of the 21 item game addiction scale with a sample of adolescents and young adults |
| topic | gaming validation game addiction adolesents adults Persian |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.649276/full |
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