Control of <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> with <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>, and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> Essential Oils
In the search of sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for weed control, there is increasing interest in essential oils (EOs) as an approach to reduce synthetic herbicide use. The phytotoxicity of <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha</i> <i>piperita</i>,...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-01-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/562 |
| _version_ | 1818960677460508672 |
|---|---|
| author | Mercedes Verdeguer Luis Guillermo Castañeda Natalia Torres-Pagan Juan Antonio Llorens-Molina Alessandra Carrubba |
| author_facet | Mercedes Verdeguer Luis Guillermo Castañeda Natalia Torres-Pagan Juan Antonio Llorens-Molina Alessandra Carrubba |
| author_sort | Mercedes Verdeguer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the search of sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for weed control, there is increasing interest in essential oils (EOs) as an approach to reduce synthetic herbicide use. The phytotoxicity of <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha</i> <i>piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis,</i> and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> EOs against the noxious weed <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> were evaluated in pre- and post-emergence assays in greenhouse conditions. The EOs were applied at 2, 4, and 8 µL/mL, with Fitoil used as emulsifier. In post-emergence, two ways of application were tested, irrigation and spraying. Several germination parameters (germination %, mean germination time, and synchrony of the germination process) were evaluated in pre-emergence tests, and the phytotoxicity level was assessed in post-emergence. In pre-emergence, all EOs significantly reduced seed germination as compared to the controls, ranking: <i>T. capitata > E. camaldulensis > S. chamaecyparissus > M. piperita</i>. The effectiveness of all EOs varied with the tested dose, always following the rank 2 μL < 4 μL < 8 μL, with <i>T. capitata</i> EO showing full effectiveness even at the lowest dose. In post-emergence, <i>T. capitata</i> was the most effective EO, inducing a rather complete inhibition of plantlet growth at the highest two doses. These EOs demonstrated to have good potential for the formulation of natural herbicides. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T12:01:20Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-669d6f84bc174b87b65f300bf5836259 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T12:01:20Z |
| publishDate | 2020-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-669d6f84bc174b87b65f300bf58362592022-12-21T19:41:32ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492020-01-0125356210.3390/molecules25030562molecules25030562Control of <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> with <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>, and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> Essential OilsMercedes Verdeguer0Luis Guillermo Castañeda1Natalia Torres-Pagan2Juan Antonio Llorens-Molina3Alessandra Carrubba4Instituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainInstituto Agroforestal Mediterráneo, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camino de Vera s/n, 46022 Valencia, SpainUniversità degli Studi di Palermo, Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Alimentari e Forestali, Viale delle Scienze, Ed. 4, 90128 Palermo, ItalyIn the search of sustainable and environmentally friendly methods for weed control, there is increasing interest in essential oils (EOs) as an approach to reduce synthetic herbicide use. The phytotoxicity of <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha</i> <i>piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis,</i> and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> EOs against the noxious weed <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> were evaluated in pre- and post-emergence assays in greenhouse conditions. The EOs were applied at 2, 4, and 8 µL/mL, with Fitoil used as emulsifier. In post-emergence, two ways of application were tested, irrigation and spraying. Several germination parameters (germination %, mean germination time, and synchrony of the germination process) were evaluated in pre-emergence tests, and the phytotoxicity level was assessed in post-emergence. In pre-emergence, all EOs significantly reduced seed germination as compared to the controls, ranking: <i>T. capitata > E. camaldulensis > S. chamaecyparissus > M. piperita</i>. The effectiveness of all EOs varied with the tested dose, always following the rank 2 μL < 4 μL < 8 μL, with <i>T. capitata</i> EO showing full effectiveness even at the lowest dose. In post-emergence, <i>T. capitata</i> was the most effective EO, inducing a rather complete inhibition of plantlet growth at the highest two doses. These EOs demonstrated to have good potential for the formulation of natural herbicides.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/562weed controlnatural herbicidesessential oils<i>erigeron bonariensis</i>pre-emergencepost-emergenceseed germination |
| spellingShingle | Mercedes Verdeguer Luis Guillermo Castañeda Natalia Torres-Pagan Juan Antonio Llorens-Molina Alessandra Carrubba Control of <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> with <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>, and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> Essential Oils Molecules weed control natural herbicides essential oils <i>erigeron bonariensis</i> pre-emergence post-emergence seed germination |
| title | Control of <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> with <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>, and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> Essential Oils |
| title_full | Control of <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> with <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>, and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> Essential Oils |
| title_fullStr | Control of <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> with <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>, and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> Essential Oils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Control of <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> with <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>, and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> Essential Oils |
| title_short | Control of <i>Erigeron bonariensis</i> with <i>Thymbra capitata</i>, <i>Mentha piperita</i>, <i>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</i>, and <i>Santolina chamaecyparissus</i> Essential Oils |
| title_sort | control of i erigeron bonariensis i with i thymbra capitata i i mentha piperita i i eucalyptus camaldulensis i and i santolina chamaecyparissus i essential oils |
| topic | weed control natural herbicides essential oils <i>erigeron bonariensis</i> pre-emergence post-emergence seed germination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/25/3/562 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mercedesverdeguer controlofierigeronbonariensisiwithithymbracapitataiimenthapiperitaiieucalyptuscamaldulensisiandisantolinachamaecyparissusiessentialoils AT luisguillermocastaneda controlofierigeronbonariensisiwithithymbracapitataiimenthapiperitaiieucalyptuscamaldulensisiandisantolinachamaecyparissusiessentialoils AT nataliatorrespagan controlofierigeronbonariensisiwithithymbracapitataiimenthapiperitaiieucalyptuscamaldulensisiandisantolinachamaecyparissusiessentialoils AT juanantoniollorensmolina controlofierigeronbonariensisiwithithymbracapitataiimenthapiperitaiieucalyptuscamaldulensisiandisantolinachamaecyparissusiessentialoils AT alessandracarrubba controlofierigeronbonariensisiwithithymbracapitataiimenthapiperitaiieucalyptuscamaldulensisiandisantolinachamaecyparissusiessentialoils |