Impact of Huanglongbing on Citrus Orchards: A Spatiotemporal Study in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province

Due to human activities and changes in land use, the spatiotemporal pattern of citrus has undergone significant changes after the outbreak of Huanglongbing (HLB). We selected time-series Sentinel-2 images to delineate citrus orchard areas following the onset of HLB. This was conducted to extract cit...

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Main Authors: Lingxia Luo, Li Zhang, Guobin Yu, Guihua Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2023-12-01
Series:Agriculture
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/1/55
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author Lingxia Luo
Li Zhang
Guobin Yu
Guihua Liu
author_facet Lingxia Luo
Li Zhang
Guobin Yu
Guihua Liu
author_sort Lingxia Luo
collection DOAJ
description Due to human activities and changes in land use, the spatiotemporal pattern of citrus has undergone significant changes after the outbreak of Huanglongbing (HLB). We selected time-series Sentinel-2 images to delineate citrus orchard areas following the onset of HLB. This was conducted to extract citrus orchards in Xunwu County between 2017 and 2022. The spatial and temporal patterns and their influencing factors were investigated by spatial analysis. Results show (1) a notable decline in total citrus orchard area by 216.70 km<sup>2</sup>, primarily witnessed in orchards without insect-proof screens (IPS), shifting towards cropland, bush, and IPS areas. Contrastingly, citrus orchards with IPS exhibited a modest increase from 7.82 km<sup>2</sup> to 111.39 km<sup>2</sup>, predominantly converting from areas lacking IPS, cropland, and bare land. (2) Spatial distribution patterns revealing a “cold in the south and hot in the north” trend. Orchards without IPS are concentrated in central and northern regions, while those with IPS are clustered predominantly in the north, with a recent shift towards the northeast. (3) Landscape analysis indicating a trend of fragmentation of citrus orchards, while a gradual dispersion of orchards without IPS and those with IPS showcased enhanced concentration and aggregation. (4) Orchards with IPS predominantly occupy regions characterized by an elevation ranging between 300 m and 400 m, primarily in the southeast, southwest, and southern directions. These areas exhibit slopes averaging between 10° and 15°, with surface temperatures ranging from 18 °C to 26 °C. Additionally, these orchards tend to be situated in proximity to impervious surfaces and roads.
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spelling doaj.art-66b3ffffb90040db9ff2cfbd116a00532024-01-29T13:39:25ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722023-12-011415510.3390/agriculture14010055Impact of Huanglongbing on Citrus Orchards: A Spatiotemporal Study in Xunwu County, Jiangxi ProvinceLingxia Luo0Li Zhang1Guobin Yu2Guihua Liu3Key Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetand and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, ChinaKey Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetand and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, ChinaKey Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetand and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, ChinaKey Laboratory of Poyang Lake Wetand and Watershed Research, Ministry of Education, College of Geography and Environment, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, ChinaDue to human activities and changes in land use, the spatiotemporal pattern of citrus has undergone significant changes after the outbreak of Huanglongbing (HLB). We selected time-series Sentinel-2 images to delineate citrus orchard areas following the onset of HLB. This was conducted to extract citrus orchards in Xunwu County between 2017 and 2022. The spatial and temporal patterns and their influencing factors were investigated by spatial analysis. Results show (1) a notable decline in total citrus orchard area by 216.70 km<sup>2</sup>, primarily witnessed in orchards without insect-proof screens (IPS), shifting towards cropland, bush, and IPS areas. Contrastingly, citrus orchards with IPS exhibited a modest increase from 7.82 km<sup>2</sup> to 111.39 km<sup>2</sup>, predominantly converting from areas lacking IPS, cropland, and bare land. (2) Spatial distribution patterns revealing a “cold in the south and hot in the north” trend. Orchards without IPS are concentrated in central and northern regions, while those with IPS are clustered predominantly in the north, with a recent shift towards the northeast. (3) Landscape analysis indicating a trend of fragmentation of citrus orchards, while a gradual dispersion of orchards without IPS and those with IPS showcased enhanced concentration and aggregation. (4) Orchards with IPS predominantly occupy regions characterized by an elevation ranging between 300 m and 400 m, primarily in the southeast, southwest, and southern directions. These areas exhibit slopes averaging between 10° and 15°, with surface temperatures ranging from 18 °C to 26 °C. Additionally, these orchards tend to be situated in proximity to impervious surfaces and roads.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/1/55citrus extractionHuanglongbinginsect-proof screenrandom forestspatial temporal patterninfluencing factors
spellingShingle Lingxia Luo
Li Zhang
Guobin Yu
Guihua Liu
Impact of Huanglongbing on Citrus Orchards: A Spatiotemporal Study in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province
Agriculture
citrus extraction
Huanglongbing
insect-proof screen
random forest
spatial temporal pattern
influencing factors
title Impact of Huanglongbing on Citrus Orchards: A Spatiotemporal Study in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province
title_full Impact of Huanglongbing on Citrus Orchards: A Spatiotemporal Study in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province
title_fullStr Impact of Huanglongbing on Citrus Orchards: A Spatiotemporal Study in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province
title_full_unstemmed Impact of Huanglongbing on Citrus Orchards: A Spatiotemporal Study in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province
title_short Impact of Huanglongbing on Citrus Orchards: A Spatiotemporal Study in Xunwu County, Jiangxi Province
title_sort impact of huanglongbing on citrus orchards a spatiotemporal study in xunwu county jiangxi province
topic citrus extraction
Huanglongbing
insect-proof screen
random forest
spatial temporal pattern
influencing factors
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/14/1/55
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AT guobinyu impactofhuanglongbingoncitrusorchardsaspatiotemporalstudyinxunwucountyjiangxiprovince
AT guihualiu impactofhuanglongbingoncitrusorchardsaspatiotemporalstudyinxunwucountyjiangxiprovince