Evolution of Maritime GNSS and RNSS Performance Standards
The primary means for electronic position fixing in use in contemporary maritime transport are shipborne GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers or DGPS (Differential GPS) receivers. More advanced GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) or RNSS (Regional Navigation Satellite Systems) receivers a...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5291 |
| _version_ | 1797466670614183936 |
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| author | Paweł Zalewski Andrzej Bąk Michael Bergmann |
| author_facet | Paweł Zalewski Andrzej Bąk Michael Bergmann |
| author_sort | Paweł Zalewski |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The primary means for electronic position fixing in use in contemporary maritime transport are shipborne GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers or DGPS (Differential GPS) receivers. More advanced GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) or RNSS (Regional Navigation Satellite Systems) receivers are able to process combined signals from American GPS, Russian GLONASS, Chinese Beidou (BDS), European Galileo, Indian IRNSS, and Japan QZSS. Satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) are still not commonly used in the maritime domain, especially onboard vessels certified under international SOLAS convention. The issues and weaknesses of existing International Maritime Organization recommendations, guidelines, requirements, performance standards, and policies on GNSS shipborne sensors are discussed and presented in the paper. Many problems that have already been dealt with in other means of transportation are still to be solved in the maritime domain. The integrity monitoring is addressed as the main issue, and recommendations based on solutions implemented in aviation and the latest research are proposed. Finally, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats awaiting maritime GNSS standardization process are outlined. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:42:01Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-66bf6ad87b4248b3b8a37b6eba3cfa64 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:42:01Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-66bf6ad87b4248b3b8a37b6eba3cfa642023-11-24T06:36:39ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922022-10-011421529110.3390/rs14215291Evolution of Maritime GNSS and RNSS Performance StandardsPaweł Zalewski0Andrzej Bąk1Michael Bergmann2Faculty of Navigation, Maritime University of Szczecin, Wały Chrobrego St. 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, PolandFaculty of Navigation, Maritime University of Szczecin, Wały Chrobrego St. 1-2, 70-500 Szczecin, PolandBM Bergmann-Marine, Bahnhofstrasse 2a, 63538 Grosskrotzenburg, GermanyThe primary means for electronic position fixing in use in contemporary maritime transport are shipborne GPS (Global Positioning System) receivers or DGPS (Differential GPS) receivers. More advanced GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) or RNSS (Regional Navigation Satellite Systems) receivers are able to process combined signals from American GPS, Russian GLONASS, Chinese Beidou (BDS), European Galileo, Indian IRNSS, and Japan QZSS. Satellite-based augmentation systems (SBAS) are still not commonly used in the maritime domain, especially onboard vessels certified under international SOLAS convention. The issues and weaknesses of existing International Maritime Organization recommendations, guidelines, requirements, performance standards, and policies on GNSS shipborne sensors are discussed and presented in the paper. Many problems that have already been dealt with in other means of transportation are still to be solved in the maritime domain. The integrity monitoring is addressed as the main issue, and recommendations based on solutions implemented in aviation and the latest research are proposed. Finally, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats awaiting maritime GNSS standardization process are outlined.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5291GNSSIMOmaritime standardsRAIMRNSS |
| spellingShingle | Paweł Zalewski Andrzej Bąk Michael Bergmann Evolution of Maritime GNSS and RNSS Performance Standards Remote Sensing GNSS IMO maritime standards RAIM RNSS |
| title | Evolution of Maritime GNSS and RNSS Performance Standards |
| title_full | Evolution of Maritime GNSS and RNSS Performance Standards |
| title_fullStr | Evolution of Maritime GNSS and RNSS Performance Standards |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evolution of Maritime GNSS and RNSS Performance Standards |
| title_short | Evolution of Maritime GNSS and RNSS Performance Standards |
| title_sort | evolution of maritime gnss and rnss performance standards |
| topic | GNSS IMO maritime standards RAIM RNSS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/14/21/5291 |
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