Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
This study seeks a comprehensive meta-analysis of mycotoxin contaminants in animal feed consumed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The obtained articles were reviewed, and 49 articles that investigated the contamination of mycotoxins including aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON),...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/3/214 |
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| author | Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh Masoud Ahmadnejad-Asl-Gavgani Aziz A. Fallah Amin Mousavi Khaneghah |
| author_facet | Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh Masoud Ahmadnejad-Asl-Gavgani Aziz A. Fallah Amin Mousavi Khaneghah |
| author_sort | Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study seeks a comprehensive meta-analysis of mycotoxin contaminants in animal feed consumed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The obtained articles were reviewed, and 49 articles that investigated the contamination of mycotoxins including aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin, fumonisins (FUM), and ochratoxin A (OTA), in feed samples or components of animal feed in the MENA region were selected. The titles of the final articles included in the study were meta-analyzed. Necessary information was extracted and categorized from the articles, and a meta-analysis was performed using Stata software. The highest contamination was in dry bread (80%), and Algeria was the most contaminated country (87% of animal feed), with the most mycotoxins contaminating AFs (47%) and FUM (47%). The highest concentration of mycotoxins in animal feed is related to FUM (1240.01 μg/kg). Climate change, economic situation, agricultural and processing methods, the nature of the animal feed, and improper use of food waste in animal feed are among the most critical factors that are effective in the occurrence of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed in MENA. Control of influential factors in the occurrence of contaminations and rapid screening with accurate identification methods to prevent the occurrence and spread of mycotoxin contamination of animal feed seem important. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-66cc5caccf05437abf52a4d1df22da63 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-66cc5caccf05437abf52a4d1df22da632023-11-17T14:14:27ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512023-03-0115321410.3390/toxins15030214Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-AnalysisGhader Jalilzadeh-Amin0Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh1Masoud Ahmadnejad-Asl-Gavgani2Aziz A. Fallah3Amin Mousavi Khaneghah4Department of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, IranDepartment of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, IranDepartment of Clinical Pathology and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia 5756151818, IranDepartment of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord 8818634141, IranDepartment of Fruit and Vegetable Product Technology, Prof. Wacław Dąbrowski Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology–State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka St., 02-532 Warsaw, PolandThis study seeks a comprehensive meta-analysis of mycotoxin contaminants in animal feed consumed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. The obtained articles were reviewed, and 49 articles that investigated the contamination of mycotoxins including aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON), zearalenone (ZEA), T-2 toxin, fumonisins (FUM), and ochratoxin A (OTA), in feed samples or components of animal feed in the MENA region were selected. The titles of the final articles included in the study were meta-analyzed. Necessary information was extracted and categorized from the articles, and a meta-analysis was performed using Stata software. The highest contamination was in dry bread (80%), and Algeria was the most contaminated country (87% of animal feed), with the most mycotoxins contaminating AFs (47%) and FUM (47%). The highest concentration of mycotoxins in animal feed is related to FUM (1240.01 μg/kg). Climate change, economic situation, agricultural and processing methods, the nature of the animal feed, and improper use of food waste in animal feed are among the most critical factors that are effective in the occurrence of mycotoxin contamination in animal feed in MENA. Control of influential factors in the occurrence of contaminations and rapid screening with accurate identification methods to prevent the occurrence and spread of mycotoxin contamination of animal feed seem important.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/3/214mycotoxinsmeta-analysisfeedMENA |
| spellingShingle | Ghader Jalilzadeh-Amin Bahram Dalir-Naghadeh Masoud Ahmadnejad-Asl-Gavgani Aziz A. Fallah Amin Mousavi Khaneghah Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Toxins mycotoxins meta-analysis feed MENA |
| title | Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Prevalence and Concentration of Mycotoxins in Animal Feed in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA): A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | prevalence and concentration of mycotoxins in animal feed in the middle east and north africa mena a systematic review and meta analysis |
| topic | mycotoxins meta-analysis feed MENA |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/15/3/214 |
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