Charging Electric Vehicles on Highways: Challenges and Opportunities
As new models of electric vehicles are put on the market, with larger batteries and higher charging rates, there are growing concerns about how the charging infrastructure should be upgraded and modernized to cope with the challenges they pose. Governmental directives and rules dictate minimal requi...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10504256/ |
| _version_ | 1797193510616563712 |
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| author | Claudio Scarpelli Massimo Ceraolo Emanuele Crisostomi Valerio Apicella Giulia Pellegrini |
| author_facet | Claudio Scarpelli Massimo Ceraolo Emanuele Crisostomi Valerio Apicella Giulia Pellegrini |
| author_sort | Claudio Scarpelli |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As new models of electric vehicles are put on the market, with larger batteries and higher charging rates, there are growing concerns about how the charging infrastructure should be upgraded and modernized to cope with the challenges they pose. Governmental directives and rules dictate minimal requirements for the future charging infrastructure, but would these be enough to handle massive numbers of electric vehicles? In this manuscript we describe an electric mobility simulator that can be used to mimic highway vehicular flows and evaluate the queues at charging stations under different penetration levels of electric vehicles. Based on actual vehicular flows from the most important Italian motorway, we find that non-homogeneous queues at charging stations can be predicted, and the infrastructure planned by the EU rules may not be able to accommodate a penetration level of more than 3% of electric vehicles in the highway without giving rise to unacceptably high waiting times at charging stations. Also, we note that smart assignments of electric vehicles at charging stations may significantly improve waiting times, opening the discussion on the need for allocation policies and guidelines. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations on an accurate reconstruction of the Italian case study support the discussion and our findings. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T05:41:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-66d20538c92f47c0b8e2ce9edc05dfa7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T05:41:32Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-66d20538c92f47c0b8e2ce9edc05dfa72024-04-23T23:00:13ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112558145582310.1109/ACCESS.2024.338977510504256Charging Electric Vehicles on Highways: Challenges and OpportunitiesClaudio Scarpelli0https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7314-2276Massimo Ceraolo1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8379-1789Emanuele Crisostomi2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7973-6357Valerio Apicella3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7255-2192Giulia Pellegrini4Department of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyDepartment of Energy, Systems, Territory and Construction Engineering, University of Pisa, Pisa, ItalyResearch & Development and Innovation, Movyon SpA—Gruppo Autostrade per l’Italia, Firenze, ItalyResearch & Development and Innovation, Movyon SpA—Gruppo Autostrade per l’Italia, Firenze, ItalyAs new models of electric vehicles are put on the market, with larger batteries and higher charging rates, there are growing concerns about how the charging infrastructure should be upgraded and modernized to cope with the challenges they pose. Governmental directives and rules dictate minimal requirements for the future charging infrastructure, but would these be enough to handle massive numbers of electric vehicles? In this manuscript we describe an electric mobility simulator that can be used to mimic highway vehicular flows and evaluate the queues at charging stations under different penetration levels of electric vehicles. Based on actual vehicular flows from the most important Italian motorway, we find that non-homogeneous queues at charging stations can be predicted, and the infrastructure planned by the EU rules may not be able to accommodate a penetration level of more than 3% of electric vehicles in the highway without giving rise to unacceptably high waiting times at charging stations. Also, we note that smart assignments of electric vehicles at charging stations may significantly improve waiting times, opening the discussion on the need for allocation policies and guidelines. Extensive Monte Carlo simulations on an accurate reconstruction of the Italian case study support the discussion and our findings.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10504256/Electric vehiclesintelligent transportation systemsoptimization methodsrecharginghighway |
| spellingShingle | Claudio Scarpelli Massimo Ceraolo Emanuele Crisostomi Valerio Apicella Giulia Pellegrini Charging Electric Vehicles on Highways: Challenges and Opportunities IEEE Access Electric vehicles intelligent transportation systems optimization methods recharging highway |
| title | Charging Electric Vehicles on Highways: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_full | Charging Electric Vehicles on Highways: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_fullStr | Charging Electric Vehicles on Highways: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Charging Electric Vehicles on Highways: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_short | Charging Electric Vehicles on Highways: Challenges and Opportunities |
| title_sort | charging electric vehicles on highways challenges and opportunities |
| topic | Electric vehicles intelligent transportation systems optimization methods recharging highway |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10504256/ |
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